On-line control algorithms for an energy-efficient operation of highly exploited electrical drives

高度开发的电机与变频器一起用于固定工业驱动系统以及车辆应用中。变频器的节能运行对降低整体能耗具有重要意义。大多数机器正在针对单个标称操作点进行优化，以在该点实现高额定效率。然而，在许多工业应用中，特别是在牵引应用中，它们根据驱动循环以不同的速度在具有大量部分负载和过载的动态模式下永久地操作。为了确保以最小的能量损失将电能转换为机械能，驱动控制必须尽可能地适应电机。节能控制所需的电机参数取决于电机设计。它们只能在不确定性的情况下预先确定，并且在机器运行期间变化。特别是绕组和磁体的磁饱和和温度变化会影响它们。为此，必须开发一种自适应控制算法，该算法可以使参考变量适应变化的条件，以确保机器中的最佳通量条件。此外，整个驱动周期的设计优化，而不是仅仅一个额定点，可以实现更好的能量平衡的牵引驱动器。该研究项目的目标是使用在线优化算法的高度开发的电力驱动器与内部永磁同步电机和感应电机的节能运行。在线算法将导致全局损失最小化操作。通过使用最佳参考电流的精确自适应，目标是将驱动器的电功率损耗与标准解决方案相比减少15%。这相当于能源效率提高2%。它是在城市地区的混合动力公交车的典型驱动周期的测试台上进行实验验证。

Highly exploited electrical machines are being used together with frequency converters in stationary industrial drive systems as well as in vehicle applications. Energy efficient operation of the drive has a great significance to reduce overall energy consumption. Most machines are being optimized for a single nominal operation point to achieve high rated efficiency at that point. However in many industry applications and particularly in traction applications they operate permanently in dynamic mode with great amounts of partial load and overload at different speeds depending on the drive cycle. To ensure the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy with a minimum of loss energy, the drive control has to be adapted as well as possible to the electric machine.The machine parameters that are necessary for an energy efficient control depend on the machine design. They can be determined only with uncertainties in advance and they vary during the operation of the machine. Particularly magnetic saturation and temperature change of the windings and magnets influence them. For this reason an adaptive control algorithm has to be developed that can adapt the reference variables to the changing conditions to ensure optimal flux conditions in the machine. Moreover a design optimization for the whole drive cycle, instead of just one rated point, can achieve a better energy balance of the traction drive.The goal of the research project is to use online optimization algorithms for an energy efficient operation of highly exploited electrical drives with interior permanent magnet synchronous machines and with induction machines. The online algorithms shall lead to a global loss minimal operation. By the use of exact adaptation of the optimal reference currents the goal is to reduce the electrical power losses of the drive by 15 % compared to a standard solution. This corresponds to an increase in energy efficiency of 2 %. It is to be validated experimentally on a test bench in typical drive cycles of hybrid busses in urban areas.