The Northwestern North Atlantic: Continuing a Retrospective Analysis of Observations from the CMV Oleander on the Shelf and Slope

沿美国东北部沿着的大陆架是海平面上升和海洋变暖的热点，其年际至十年变化叠加在平均趋势上。这些变化对气候和商业渔业都有重要影响。这项研究将审查北大西洋西北部大陆架和上斜坡的这种变化。它将使用CMV Oleander收集的长期观测数据，CMV Oleander是一艘商业志愿观测船，其航线定期穿越北大西洋的四个重要区域-中大西洋湾（MAB）大陆架，斜坡海，墨西哥湾流和马尾藻海。在新泽西和百慕大之间的定期往返过境期间，每周发生一次过境。这项工作将利用1992 - 2018年期间现有的完整夹竹桃数据集，分析将侧重于人与生物圈大陆架和上斜坡的年际变化。这是一个早期项目的延续，它将支持研究生完成博士学位。research.夹竹桃观测数据产品将通过夹竹桃计划现有网站提供给科学界。CMV夹竹桃收集了大陆架和上斜坡的温度横截面（跨越42年），地表温度和盐度测量（跨越42年），以及速度剖面（历时28年），配备了一次性深海温度记录仪、吊桶测量仪和一台温盐记录仪以及船上声学海流多普勒剖面仪。该数据集的独特之处在于其高分辨率，数十年的持续时间，以及共同定位的温度和速度观测。该项目将把这些数据与辅助性的原地和遥感数据集结合起来，调查驱动陆架温度、陆架断裂急流和斜坡急流速度结构和输送的低频变化的过程，重点是过去28年变化的物理机制。这项研究还将调查是否斜坡射流，注意到在以前的一些研究，但尚未得到很好的探索，是一个定期或短暂的功能在夹竹桃数据集。此外，一套新的科学仪器（包括盐度剖面）目前正在新船上装备，以取代旧船。作为这项研究的一部分，调查人员将监督仪器包的过渡，以确保数据收集质量的连续性，并将已经收集的时间序列无缝扩展到未来，适合于捕捉陆架和陆坡的年际和十年期海洋变化。重点将放在将旧平台的结果与该区域盐度和流速剖面的新测量结果进行比较。要研究的变化性将公海（墨西哥湾流、西部深层边界流和大西洋经向翻转环流）与大陆架现象（中大西洋湾大陆架环流、大陆架断裂急流动力学和生态系统动力学）联系起来。先前项目的结果已经（和新的结果将）在气候（AMOC）和大陆架（中大西洋海湾物理海洋学和气象学，MABPOM）研讨会上展示。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

The shelves along the northeastern U.S. have been highlighted as a hotspot of sea level rise and ocean warming with strong interannual to decadal variability superimposed on a mean trend. These changes have important implications for both climate and commercial fisheries. The study will examine this variability in the northwestern North Atlantic over the continental shelf and upper slope. It will use long-duration observations collected by the CMV Oleander, a commercial volunteer observing ship, whose route regularly crosses four important regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) shelf, the Slope Sea, the Gulf Stream, and the Sargasso Sea. The crossings occur once a week during the vessel's scheduled roundtrip transits between New Jersey and Bermuda. This work will utilize the existing, complete Oleander datasets covering the period 1992 - 2018 and the analysis will focus on the interannual variability on the MAB shelf and over the upper slope. This is the continuation of an earlier project and it will support the completion of a graduate student's Ph.D. research. The data products derived from the Oleander observations will be made available to the science community via existing Oleander Program websites.The CMV Oleander has collected temperature cross-sections of the shelf and upper slope (spanning 42 years), surface temperature and salinity measurements (spanning 42 years), and velocity sections (spanning 28 years) with expendable bathythermographs (XBTs), bucket measurements and a thermosalinograph (TSG), and shipboard acoustic current Doppler profilers (ADCPs). This data set is unique in terms of its high resolution, extended duration over multiple decades, and co-located temperature and velocity observations. By combining these data with auxiliary in situ and remote-sensing datasets, the project will investigate the processes that drive the low-frequency variability in shelf temperature, shelf break jet and slope jet velocity structure and transport, with a focus on the physical mechanisms underlying the variability of the last 28 years. This study also will investigate whether the slope jet, noted in some previous research but not yet well-explored, is a regular or an ephemeral feature in the Oleander data set. In addition, a new suite of scientific instrumentation (including salinity profiles) is currently outfitted on the new ship commissioned to replace the old one. As part of this study, the investigators will oversee the transition of instrumentation packages as to ensure continuity in data collection quality and seamless extension of the already collected time-series into the future, suitable for capturing interannual and decadal ocean changes on the shelf and slope. Emphasis will be placed on comparing the results from the old platform with the new measurements of salinity and velocity profiles over the region. The variability to be studied links open-ocean (Gulf Stream, Deep Western Boundary Current, and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, AMOC) to shelf phenomena (Middle Atlantic Bight shelf circulation, shelf break jet dynamics, and ecosystem dynamics). Results from the prior project have been (and new results will be) presented in both climate (AMOC) and continental shelf (Middle Atlantic Bight Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, MABPOM) workshops.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.