Epistemic expertise: Prolegomena to an epistemology of expert testimony

社会认识论关注的焦点是认知主体与其他认知主体之间的多种相互关系，尤其是说话者与听话者之间的证言交换。考虑到外行对专家证言的依赖，对专家证言的讨论具有特殊的认识论和实践意义；然而，在目前的文献中，它的代表性不足。因此，本研究项目将回答以下三个问题：从对目前讨论的专业知识概念的分析和批判开始，我们想要调查认识论专业知识的类型学和范式使用方式的定义可以发展到什么程度。考虑到研究的碎片状态，系统地讨论不同的专业知识概念是应用社会认识论的重要愿望。只有在此基础上，我们才能问外行是否以及（如果是的话）用什么标准来判断相关专家证词的可靠性。最后，将讨论所制定的专家概念具有哪些认识论性质，以及由此带来的认识论挑战。在此基础上，我们想要检查专家证词作为普通证词行为的共同分类，并将概述认识论专业知识的适当总体图景。

The epistemic subject with its diverse interrelations to other cognitive subjects, especially the testimonial exchange between speaker and hearer, is the focus of social epistemology. Considering the dependence of laymen on expert testimony, the discussion about expertise is of special epistemological and practical importance; nevertheless it is underrepresented in the current literature. Hence, the following three questions shall be answered by this research project: Starting with an analysis and critique of currently discussed concepts of expertise, we want to investigate in how far a typology of epistemic expertise and a definition of a paradigmatic manner of use can be developed. Considering the fragmentary state of research, a systematic discussion of differing concepts of expertise is an important desideratum of applied social epistemology. Only on this basis can we then ask whether and (if so) with what criteria, laymen are enabled to judge the reliability of relevant expert testimonies. Finally, the question will be discussed which epistemological properties the worked out concept of expertise possesses and which epistemological challenges would result from this. On this basis, we want to examine the common classification of expert testimonies as ordinary testimonial acts and will outline an adequate general picture of epistemic expertise.