Meeting: SICB symposium for January 2022: Causal Mechanisms of Metabolic Scaling

该项目支持将于2022年1月在综合与比较生物学学会（Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology）会议上举行的研讨会，重点研究动物代谢率与体型之间关系的因果机制。研讨会汇集了一个跨学科和多样化的资深和早期职业科学家小组，讨论和综合目前对这一主题的理解，并为未来的研究确定差距。解释动物结构和功能的最重要参数之一是它们的体型。大型动物不仅仅是小型动物的放大版。他们的心率更低，在跑步时四肢运动更慢，每磅吃的和消耗的燃料更少。大型动物每磅消耗更少能量的趋势被称为“低计量代谢缩放”。这种大小相关的差异对生物医学和兽医程序、农业和生态至关重要。例如，必须减少大型动物的药物剂量，因为它们代谢药物的速度较慢，而且在估计牛的食物需求和蝗虫的作物消耗量时必须考虑到比例。虽然我们知道体型如何影响动物的结构、功能和代谢模式，但我们缺乏对解释这些模式发生的分子机制的理解，而研讨会解决了这一空白。研讨会发言人将发表至少十篇与代谢结垢相关的手稿，并将共同撰写一篇综合论文，概述生态，生物力学和进化过程如何产生代谢结垢。对驱动代谢缩放的进化因素的严格理解的发展将对基础生物学和应用生物学做出广泛贡献。体型解释了所有动物群体中表型变异的很大一部分，在形态、行为、生理、生态和进化的许多方面，小型动物和大型动物都存在差异。然而，生物学家对这些结垢模式的原因了解有限。在所有缩放模式中，代谢率的低计量缩放已经得到了特别的证实，而大型动物较低的质量比能量周转率被认为是导致许多其他观察到的缩放模式的原因，例如较低的质量比食物消耗或较小的领地。该奖项将在2022年1月的综合与比较生物学学会会议上资助一个题为“代谢缩放的因果机制”的研讨会。这将是第一次聚焦于自然选择如何在不同体型的动物身上产生不同的代谢比例模式的研讨会。这次研讨会将鼓励跨领域的联系，汇集古生物学家、行为学家、生理学家、生物力学家、神经学家和生态学家。本次研讨会将在《综合与比较生物学》杂志上发表至少10篇论文。演讲者还将在会议前后以及研讨会后的研讨会上通过缩放进行会面，以准备一份由所有参与者合作撰写的综合论文，该论文将综合存在于代谢缩放方面的各种观点。该研讨会通过吸收许多职业生涯早期和/或来自目前科学界代表性不足的群体的科学家来促进包容性的科学培训。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project supports a symposium focused on the causal mechanisms responsible for the relationship between animal metabolic rate and body size, or metabolic scaling, to be held at the January 2022 meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. The symposium brings together an interdisciplinary and diverse group of senior and early-career scientists to discuss and synthesize the current understanding of this topic and to identify gaps for future investigations. One of the most important parameters explaining the structure and function of animals is their body size. Larger animals are not just scaled-up versions of small animals. They have lower heart rates, move their limbs more slowly during running, and eat and burn less fuel per pound. The tendency for larger animals to use less energy per pound is termed “hypometric metabolic scaling.” This size-related difference is critical for biomedical and veterinary procedures, agriculture, and ecology. For example, drug doses must be reduced in larger animals because they metabolize drugs more slowly, and scaling must be taken into account when estimating food needs of cattle and the crop consumption of locusts. While we know how body size affects patterns in animal structure, function, and metabolism, we lack an understanding of the molecular mechanisms explaining why these patterns occur, and the symposium addresses this gap. Symposium speakers will publish at least ten manuscripts related to metabolic scaling, and will together write a synthetic paper that outlines how ecological, biomechanical, and evolutionary processes create metabolic scaling. Development of a rigorous understanding of the evolutionary factors that drive metabolic scaling will contribute broadly to basic and applied biology.Body size explains a large fraction of phenotypic variation in all animal groups, with many aspects of morphology, behavior, physiology, ecology, and evolution differing between small and large animals. However, biologists have a limited understanding of the causes of these scaling patterns. Of all scaling patterns, the hypometric scaling of metabolic rate has been particularly well-established, and the lower mass-specific energy turnover in larger animals is thought to drive many other observed scaling patterns such as lower mass-specific food consumption or smaller territories. This award will fund a symposium, “Causal Mechanisms of Metabolic Scaling,” at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting in January 2022. This will be the first symposium to focus on how natural selection acts differentially on animals of different body sizes in ways that produce interspecific metabolic scaling patterns. The symposium will encourage connections across fields, by bringing together scientists who are paleontologists, behaviorists, physiologists, biomechanists, neuroscientists, and ecologists. This symposium will lead to the production of at least ten papers in the journal, Integrative and Comparative Biology. The speakers will also meet by zoom before and after the meeting, and in a workshop after the symposium, to prepare a synthesis paper, written collaboratively by all participants, that will synthesize the diverse perspectives that exist on metabolic scaling. The symposium promotes inclusive scientific training by including many scientists who are early-career and/or from groups currently under-represented in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.