Thermodynamics of Multi-Domain Power Networks: Principles for Optimization and Control with Applications to Turboelectric Systems

这笔拨款将支持研究，以促进对热力学原理的理解和应用，这些原理在电力存储、转换和利用的互联能源系统中控制电力传输。环境可持续性、经济性和战略竞争力继续推动人们寻求更有效的能源管理方法。这些方法除了包括热功转换的传统工业流程外，还包括微电网、混合动力汽车和电动飞机推进等前沿技术。因此，有必要发展超越经典设定的相互联系的热力学系统的理论基础。这个项目引入了创新的想法，允许对熵及其与扩展物理领域效率的联系进行有意义的解释。开发了应用于电气化涡轮发动机的优化设计和控制方法。教育和推广活动包括指导本科生，并与克利夫兰数学军团暑期项目合作，该项目针对6至12年级的学生，这些学生在科学和技术领域的代表性不足。熵与有效做功的能力有关，是热做功系统的最佳设计和运行的基础。熵不能被定义为哈密顿系统，因为它们缺乏一个优先的方向的电力传输，不像在热流体系统中发现的扩散功率传输模式。本项目采用热力学系统理论的方法，用循环平均来定义熵产和火用效率。目标是提供不可逆热力学关键概念的对应，以及无模型参数优化和反馈控制设计的方法。目标将通过以下三个重点来实现：i)形式化能量循环方向性的性质，适用于图上的端口-哈密顿系统，并提供平均熵产和能源效率的定义；ii)求解考虑第二定律原理的参数优化问题。这涉及到在线频谱估计技术，以实现无模型，自优化方法与工具，如极值搜索和制定多变量，频域最优控制方法在熵相关的目标；iii)使用涡轮电力推进系统演示和评估该框架的实际有效性，其中发动机仿真与实验室中的物理机电系统实时交互。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This grant will support research leading to advancing the understanding and application of thermodynamic principles that govern power transfer in interconnected energy systems with electric power storage, conversion, and utilization. Environmental sustainability, economy and strategic competitiveness continue to fuel the quest for more efficient energy management methods. Such methods encompass, in addition to traditional industrial processes involving conversions between heat and work, forefront technologies such as microgrids, hybrid vehicles and electrified aircraft propulsion. Therefore, there is a need to develop theoretical foundations of interconnected thermodynamic systems that go beyond the classical setting. This project introduces innovative ideas allowing meaningful interpretations of entropy and its connection to efficiency in extended physical domains. It develops methodologies for optimal design and control in application to electrified turbine engines. Educational and outreach activities include undergraduate student mentoring and collaboration with the MathCorps Cleveland summer program that targets students in grades 6 to 12 who are underrepresented in science and technology. Entropy is connected to the ability to perform work efficiently and is the basis for the optimal design and operation of systems deriving work from heat. Entropy cannot be defined for Hamiltonian systems due to their lack of a preferent direction of power transmission, unlike the diffusive power transfer patterns found in thermofluid systems. This project adopts a systems-theoretic approach to thermodynamics to define entropy generation and exergy efficiency by cyclic averages. The objective is to provide counterparts to key notions of irreversible thermodynamics, along with methods for model-free parametric optimization and feedback control design. The objective will be achieved with tasks organized along three thrusts: i) Formalizing the property of energy cyclo-directionality, applicable to port-Hamiltonian systems on graphs and providing definitions for average entropy generation and exergy efficiency; ii) Solving parametric optimization problems considering second law principles. This involves online spectral estimation techniques to enable model-free, self-optimization methods with tools such as extremum-seeking and formulating multivariable, frequency-domain optimal control methodologies under entropy-related objectives; and iii) Demonstrating and assessing the practical validity of this framework using a turboelectric propulsion system where an engine simulation interacts in real-time with a physical electromechanical system in the laboratory.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.