Elephantine in Context

该研究项目旨在调查波斯时期（公元前5 -4世纪）埃及背景下，尼罗河上的犹太军事驻军。这项调查打破了仅仅关注象岛的犹太人群体的学术局限，并希望考虑到这个群体与当地埃及人口、统治波斯精英和驻扎在对面的赛尼岛上的其他种族的历史和社会互动。阿拉姆纸莎草和ostraca已经提到了这些群体。此外，我们还有文本本身。20世纪初，在柏林博物馆的主持下，挖掘工作不仅出土了阿拉姆纸莎草，而且还出土了民主和埃及宗教文本。这一证据以及纸莎草纸上提到的相互作用提出了上下文中的大象问题。上述证据迄今为止一直被学术界所忽视，只有通过跨学科研究才能获得。这里我们要考虑的是埃及学的贡献，它假定在相当长的一段时间里，在波斯和希腊罗马时期，埃及是一个多元文化的社会。相比之下，圣经学者还没有接受这种观点。主要是因为来自象岛的材料要么被认为是一种边缘现象，要么按照1968年Bezalel Porten提出的思路来解释，根据第二圣殿（耶路撒冷）时期的“犹太教”的圣经观点。从这个角度来看，剩下的种族被视为“他者”，历史和社会联系被描述为“异教联系”。在研究项目中，语境中的大象将从两个方向进行探讨。分发到两个部分项目（Teilprojekt）的文本将被调查，这些文本要么是多文化接收的（第1部分关于Achiqar作品），要么包含内部和外部接触的具体证据（第2部分关于信件和合同）。这两个项目都有一个子项目作为补充，该子项目将从社会学的角度分析文本证据，并研究将历史社会学的最新理论应用于文本语料库的可能性。该项目由Bernd Schipper（柏林）领导，他是圣经和埃及智慧文学方面的专家，与此同时，他将为TP1工作。国际上研究大象岛的权威人士Reinhard Kratz （Göttingen, TP2）和Bob Becking（乌得勒支）也将加入研究组。此外，该项目还与柏林埃及博物馆在Verena Lepper的指导下对来自象岛的Demotic， Hieratic和Aramaic纸莎草纸的科学检查有关。

The research project aims at an investigation oft the Judean military garrison on the Nile island of Elephantine in the context of Persian Period Egypt (5th-4th century B.C.E). The investigation breaks with the scholarly confines that tend to focus solely on the group of the Judeans at Elephantine and wants to take into account the historical and social interaction of this group with the indigenous Egyptian population, the ruling Persian elite and the other ethnicities stationed on the facing island of Syene. Already the Aramaic papyri and ostraca mention these groups. Additionally we have the text themselves. Excavations under the auspices of the Berlin Museum at the beginning of the 20th century have not only unearthed Aramaic papyri but also Demotic and Egyptian-Hieratic texts. This evidence as well as the interaction mentioned in the papyri prompts the question of Elephantine in Context. The evidence mentioned above has thus far been neglected by scholarship and it can only be rendered accessible by interdisciplinary research. Here we are thinking of the contribution of Egyptology that assumes for quite some time now a multicultural Egyptian society during the Persian and Hellenistic-Roman period. Biblical scholarship in contrast has not yet accepted this view. Mainly because the material from Elephantine is either regarded as a marginal phenomenon or interpreted along the lines proposed by Bezalel Porten in 1968 in light of a biblical view of a 'Judaism' during the Second (Jerusalem) Temple period. In this perspective the remaining ethnicities are seen as 'the other' and the historical and social contacts are described as 'pagan contacts'. In the research project the topic of Elephantine in Context will be approached from two directions. Disseminated into two partial projects (Teilprojekt) the texts will be investigated that are either multi-culturally received (TP1 on the Achiqar composition) or contain concrete evidence for internal and external contacts (TP 2 on letters and contracts). Both projects are supplemented by a sub-project that will analyse the textual evidence from a sociological perspective and investigate the possibility of applying recent theories from historical sociology to the textual corpus. The project is headed by Bernd Schipper (Berlin) a specialist in biblical and Egyptian wisdom literature who, at the same time, will belabour TP1. Reinhard Kratz (Göttingen, TP2) and Bob Becking (Utrecht) two leading authorities of international research on Elephantine will also be part of the research team. Additionally the project is connected to the scientific inspection of the Demotic, Hieratic and Aramaic papyri from Elephantine currently done by the Egyptological Museum of Berlin under the guidance of Verena Lepper.