The Question of the divine justice in the cuneiform literature: Interdependence of divine will and human ethics as the base of monotheistic tendencies in the Babylonian wisdom literature

本研究的主题是：作为人类伦理基础的神意和楔形文字文学中一神教倾向的可能发展。在本研究项目中，将着重探讨以下两个主要问题：一、神意作为古巴比伦人道德原则的基础。神的审判在美索不达米亚宗教中的作用以及基于这种世界观的问题（例如智慧文本中的古代教导与现实之间的矛盾）在所谓的“智慧危机”中找到了表达。因此，我们将特别仔细地研究具有这种主题的苏美尔-巴比伦智慧文学。第二章：当古代美索不达米亚的思想家试图理解神圣的道德原则时，他们显然不仅在其具体意义上（即神）而且在其抽象意义上（即神，神性）理解dingir/ilu这个词。似乎dingir/ilu的后一种含义，“神，神性”，对巴比伦宗教产生了重大影响，并导致了一神教信仰。因此，我的目标也是研究巴比伦文学中一神论倾向的可能发展。

The main themes of this research project are the divine will as the base of human ethics and the possible development of monotheistic tendency in the cuneiform literature. In this research project, the following two main points will particularly investigated: I: The divine will as the base of ancient Babylonians' moral principle. The role of the divine judgement in the Mesopotamian religion(s) and the problem based on that Weltansauung (e.g. contradiction between the ancient teaching in the wisdom texts and reality) found their expression in so-called the "crisis of wisdom". The Sumero-Babylonian wisdom literature with this motif will be, therefore, particularly closely examined. II: When the ancient Mesopotamian thinkers made attempts to understand the divine moral principle, they apparently understood the word dingir/ilu not only in its concrete sense (i.e. a god) but also in its abstract sense (i.e. deity, divinity). It seems that the latter meaning of dingir/ilu, "deity, divinity", had significant influence on the Babylonian religion and led to a monotheistic belief. Therefore it is also my objective to study the possible development of monotheistic tendencies in the Babylonian literature.