Identification of the technical potential of permanent magnet Flux-Switching-Machines compared to rotor-excited PM synchronous machines

在传统的永磁同步电机中，磁体（例如，钕铁硼磁体）位于旋转部件（转子）上，其中仅可能对磁体进行有限的冷却。因此，磁体中的典型连续操作温度为150 °C - 180 °C。因此，只有使用添加剂（例如镝）或钐钴（SmCo）的钕铁硼磁体才能实现高连续温度。SmCo磁体具有较低的剩磁通量密度并且比NdFeB磁体更昂贵，但是镝也显著增加了NdFeB磁体的成本。或者，机器的磁体可以安装在固定部分（定子）中。因此，磁体靠近定子冷却回路，并且磁体中的温度通常可以保持在100 °C以下。因此，可以使用具有较少或甚至不具有镝的廉价且高磁阻的磁体。这些机器的转子是无绕组和无磁体的，并且坚固耐用。在定子中，可以使用廉价的齿线圈，但必须合理设计磁体的结构固定。近年来，具有定子安装磁体的三种不同拓扑结构获得了越来越多的关注：双凸极永磁体（DSPM）电机、磁通制动电机（FRM）和磁通切换永磁体（FSPM）电机。现有的调查表明，FSPM机器在相同的热利用率下实现了最高的扭矩密度。该项目的目标是比较三台机器的给定性能要求，并定量记录FSPM机器的预期优势。该项目的另一个目的是开发一种用于设计功率范围高达150 kW的磁通开关机的方法，作为低转速和中速范围高达3000 /min的高扭矩驱动器。电磁，热，机械和结构设计标准应在协调的步骤中制定，并通过使用原型机的测量进行验证。应将磁通开关机的原型与电气能源研究所现有的可比较的常规PM同步机进行比较，以确定可实现的电磁利用率、效率、转换器利用率和故障情况下的性能（例如短路）。由此，应推导出磁通量切换电机的一般适用设计规则，并应强调这种类型电机与传统电机相比的优点和缺点。

In conventional permanent magnet synchronous machines, the magnets (e.g. neodymium-iron-boron-(NdFeB)-magnets) are on the rotating part (rotor), where only a limited cooling of the magnets is possible. Thus, typical continuous operating temperatures in the magnets are at 150 °C - 180 °C. So high continuous temperatures are only possible with NdFeB-magnets with additives (e.g. dysprosium) or samarium-cobalt (SmCo) must be used. SmCo-magnets have a lower remanence flux density and are more expensive than NdFeB-magnets, but also the dysprosium increases the cost of NdFeB-magnets significantly. Alternatively, the magnets of the machine can be mounted in the stationary part (stator). Due to this, the magnets are close to the stator cooling circuit and the temperature in the magnets can in general be kept below 100 °C. Therefore, cheap and highly remanent magnets with less or even without dysprosium can be used. The rotor of those machines is winding- and magnet-free and robust. In the stator, inexpensive tooth coils can be used, but the constructive fixation of the magnets must be designed rationally. Three different topologies with stator mounted magnets have gained increased attention in recent years: Doubly-Salient-Permanent-Magnet-(DSPM)-Machine, Flux-Reversal-Machine (FRM) and Flux-Switching-Permanent-Magnet-(FSPM)-Machine. Existing investigations suggest that the FSPM-Machine achieves the highest torque densities at the same thermal utilization. A goal of this project is the comparison of the three machines for a given performance requirement and to document quantitatively the expected advantages of the FSPM-Machine. Another aim of the project is to develop a methodological approach for the design of Flux-Switching-Machines in the power range up to 150 kW as high-torque drives for the lower and medium speed range up to 3000 /min. The electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical and constructive design criteria should be worked out in coordinated steps and validated by measurements using a prototype machine. A prototype of the Flux-Switching-Machine should be compared with a comparable, at the Institut für Elektrische Energiewandlung available, conventional PM synchronous machine with regard to the achievable electromagnetic utilization, efficiency, converter utilization and the performance in case of a failure (such as a short circuit).From that, general applicable design rules for Flux-Switching-Machines should be derived and the advantages and disadvantages of this type of machine should be emphasized compared to conventional machines.