Vulnerability of complex production-networks along the Atlantic coast of southern Hispania

除了采矿和农业，海洋经济及其独特的酱料生产（garum）应该被认为是罗马西班牙各省繁荣的支柱之一。这一跨学科研究项目的重点特别是这一鱼类加工业的脆弱性，以及其复杂的生产网络，当面对在高度动态的大西洋海岸发生的短期和长期自然现象时。西班牙酱料在市场上的主导地位依赖于有利的自然环境、稳定的政治和经济环境以及高度专业化的生产网络的巧合。通过海路连接的价值链涉及渔业、盐矿和双耳细颈瓶生产车间和加工设施。从伊斯帕尼亚南部现有的数据表明，在罗马帝国中期，该行业的产量急剧下降。这一暴跌似乎是由一个或多个极端事件（海啸、强风暴）和/或气候恶化阶段造成的。然而，渔业无疑已恢复，这是值得注意的，特别是卢西塔尼亚大西洋沿岸渔业的恢复，这表现在生产设施和销售手段的重组上。尽管如此，在公元世纪末，环境的变化以及地方和帝国范围内的生产和分销网络的衰落引发了整个伊斯帕尼亚渔业的最终崩溃，这是特别依赖产品出口。这一多学科项目将有选择地分析大西洋沿岸沿着三个地区的考古和地质记录（生产设施和沉积物档案），以查明鱼露生产急剧变化的原因。在该项目的框架内，将首次建立一个可靠的年表，作为获得研究区域和鱼类加工相关地点这些变化同步性信息的先决条件。因此，一个主要的关切将是重建以前的地貌和环境背景，并评估它是否以及在多大程度上反映了定居结构的发展。此外，将通过具体实例概述长期争论的生产网络。相反，已证实的地方极端事件将用地质考古方法追踪，并与关于自然灾害及其长期影响的历史记载进行交叉核对，以进行估计。罗马帝国的海洋经济是古典学中最近论述的焦点。这一点从SPP 1630（海港和港口-从罗马帝国到中世纪）和GDK 1878（前现代经济的考古学）以及ERC项目RoMP（S。Keay）和EPNet（J. Remesal）

Besides mining and farming, the maritime economy with its distinctive fish sauce production (garum) should be acknowledged amongst the pillars of the proverbial flourishing of the Roman Hispanic provinces. The focus of this interdisciplinary research project is particularly the vulnerability of this fish-processing industry, as well as its complex production networks, when confronted with short and long-term natural phenomena occurring at the highly dynamic Atlantic coast. The dominance of Hispanic fish sauce on the market relied on the coincidence of favourable natural circumstances, a stable political and economic context, as well as highly specialized production networks. The value chains connected via sea routes involved fisheries, salt mines and amphorae-production workshops and processing facilities. The currently available data form the south of Hispania indicate a sharp decline in this industry`s output during the middle Roman Imperial period. This slump seems to have been caused by one or more extreme events (tsunami, severe storm) and/or a phase of climatic deterioration. However, the indubitable recovery of the fishing industry is noteworthy - in particular the recovery of the industry at the Atlantic coast of Lusitania, which is manifest in the reorganization of both the production facilities and the means of distribution. Nonetheless, towards the end of the 5th century AD the simultaneous environmental change and decline of the local and empire-wide networks of production and distribution triggered the final collapse of the fish production industry in the entire Hispania, which was particularly dependent on product export. This multidisciplinary project will selectively analyse archaeological and geological records (production facilities and sediment archives) in three areas along the Atlantic coast, in order to detect the reasons for drastic changes in fish-sauce production. Within the framework of the project, a robust chronology will be established for the first time, as a prerequisite for obtaining information about the synchronicity of these changes in the study area and at the sites related to fish processing. Consequently, a primary concern will be to reconstruct the former geomorphological and environmental setting and to evaluate if and to which extent it reflects the development of the settlement structures. Furthermore, the long-debated production networks will be outlined using specific examples. Conversely, attested local extreme events will be traced with geoarchaeological methods and cross-checked with historical accounts about natural catastrophes and their long-range impacts to be estimated. The maritime economy of the Roman Empire is a focal point of recent discourses within Classics. This is evident from the SPP 1630 (Harbours and Ports - from Roman Imperial until Medieval Times) and the GDK 1878 (The Archaeology of the Pre-modern Economies), as well as by the ERC projects RoMP (S. Keay) and EPNet (J. Remesal)