State-horticultural-shows as a format of event-driven development of small and medium cities

到目前为止，关于事件驱动型城市和区域发展模式的典型比较研究主要集中在活动的第一阶段(特别是奥运会、世界足球锦标赛和欧洲锦标赛、世博会)，因此也集中在大城市(主要是500.000多名公民)。对事件驱动型城市发展的研究带来了对城市实体发展、经济和社会影响、成本效益关系和政治影响等方面的研究结果。对于事件驱动型城市发展的形式来说，重要的似乎是所谓的推升和再分配效应。对其他形式的调查结果为国家园艺展览的审查奠定了基础；这种形式在大量情况下都是通用的，允许至少对某些问题进行泛化陈述。与事件驱动型城市发展的大型形式相比，单一的国家园艺展览的影响可能很小；无论是在积极意义上还是在消极意义上。总而言之(到目前为止，德国已经举办了150多场国家园艺展览，因此，近800万城市居民直接受到影响)对于中小型城市来说，它们是一个有趣的研究课题，采用了比较和准时量化的方法。在更大程度上，因为城市等级的第二、第三和第四层次的城市越来越多地发现自己的事件驱动型发展。在时间顺序的观察中，它们也是中小城市规划文化变化的一个很好的指标；特别是关于参与元素的重要性。首先，在研究项目中，将对自1992年以来的所有德国国家园艺展览进行全国范围的分析，重点放在易于操作的属性上。这一分析站在七个假设和六个中心问题的角度。因此，建立了其结果类型，这些类型是9个事后案例研究的基础，在这些案例研究中，对相互依存关系的生态、社会、经济和政治进行了更深入的定性审查。同时，还将在几个时间点(应用阶段、规划阶段、均匀阶段)进行另外六个州的园艺展示的案例研究。

The typifying comparative research concerning the formats of event-driven city- and regional-development so far was focused primarily on the First Leage of the events (especially Olympic Games, Football World- and European Championships, EXPO) and therefore on large cities (mostly more than 500.000 citizens). The research on event-driven urban development has brought findings to aspects of the physical urban development, economic and social impacts, cost-benefit-relations and political implications. Significant for he formats of event-driven urban development seems to be the so called push-up and redistribute effect. The findings on other formats deliver the base for the examnation of state-horticultural-shows; a format with all in all a large number of cases, allowing generalizing statements at least for some questions. The impacts of a single state-horticultural-show may be small compared with the large formats of event-driven urban-development; as well in positive as in negative senses. Alltogether (up to now in Germany over 150 state-horticultural-shows have been performed, thus, almost 8 million city-inhabitants have been directly affected) for the type of small- and mediums-sized as for the small large-cities they are an interesting research-topic in a comparing and punctual quantifying approach. To a greater extent as cities of the second, third and fourth leage of the city-hierarchy increasingly detect event-driven development for themselves. In the chronological observation they as well represent a good indicator for the changes of planning cultures in small and medium-sized cities; especially concerning the significance of paticipative elements.Firstly in the research-project a nationwide analysis of all german state-horticultural-shows since 1992 will be carried out, which is focused on attributes easy to operationalize. This analysis stands in the perspective of seven hypothesis and six central questions. As its result types are built, which are the base for nine ex-post case-studies, in which ecological, social, economic and political are deeper examined in a qualitative way on interdependencies. Simultaneously accompanying case-studies in further six state-horticultural-shows in several points of time (apllication-phase, planning-phase, even-phase) will be executed.