Long-term Disaster Recovery in Urban Communities

该项目开发和应用一个评估长期灾难恢复的框架，因为这是灾害研究中最不了解的方面之一。本研究的重点是住房恢复和保险在管理灾难恢复的作用，通过比较和对比长期的灾难恢复过程在三个城市的位置：帕绍（德国），新奥尔良（美国）和基督城（新西兰）在2002年，2005年和2011年分别发生灾难性事件。这些城市的灾后恢复情况各不相同，这不仅是因为它们面临不同的自然灾害，而且还因为灾后恢复、规划和发展的机构和资源以及保险在每次灾害后发挥的独特作用各不相同。在每一种情况下，都寻求对以下研究问题的答案：住房和基础设施从自然灾害中长期恢复的状况如何;保险在恢复过程中发挥了什么作用？在灾害研究中，灾后恢复正日益成为一个重点研究领域，因为关于灾害管理的地理文献采用了复原力方法。自然灾害的破坏性影响往往因灾后恢复管理方面的问题和失败而变得更加严重，因为破坏影响到城市社会昂贵的基础设施和人造环境。在这种情况下，财产损失的程度和性质与现有经济和体制资源的具体模式以及用于塑造长期恢复进程的灾后恢复管理相结合。必须系统地了解城市社区的恢复进程，以便更好地了解成功恢复的构成要素、长期恢复的运作方式以及如何最好地减轻未来灾害的影响。本项目寻求这些答案，以弥补对城市恢复的知识和理解方面的差距，并促进对长期灾后恢复最佳做法的理解。

This project develops and applies a framework for assessing long-term disaster recovery as it is one of the least understood aspects of disasters research. This research focuses on housing recovery and the role of insurance in managing disaster recovery by comparing and contrasting long-term disaster recovery processes in three urban locations: Passau (Germany), New Orleans (USA) and Christchurch (New Zealand) following catastrophic events in 2002, 2005, and 2011 respectively. These cities represent rather different contexts for disaster recovery, not only because they faced different natural disasters, but because the institutions and resources for recovery, planning and development, as well as the distinctive role insurance played in the aftermath of each disaster differed. In each case, answers to the following research questions are sought: what is the state of long-term recovery from natural disasters in housing and infrastructure; and what role has insurance played in the recovery process? Within disasters research, recovery after disasters is becoming more prominently a focal area of research as the geography literature on disaster management embraces a resilience approach. The damaging impacts of natural disasters are often compounded by problems and failures in managing recovery after the event when damages impact costly infrastructure and built environments of urban societies. In these circumstances, the extent and nature of property damage combines with the specific pattern of economic and institutional resources available and the disaster recovery management applied to shape the long-term recovery process. It is important to develop systematic knowledge of recovery processes in urban communities for a better understanding of what constitutes a successful recovery, how long-term recovery functions, and how best to mitigate future disaster impacts. This project seeks these answers in order to address gaps in knowledge and understanding of urban recovery and to contribute to understanding of best practices in long-term disaster recovery.