Construction of the production system for musical cognitive studies

本课题旨在构建音乐认知心理学研究的专用生成系统，并利用该系统构建人类音乐认知行为的模拟模型。以下是该项目成果的简要介绍。(一)生产系统的建设。我们实现了一个实验性的自适应产生式系统APSH(自适应产生式系统-北海道大学)，它具有以下功能：(1)模块结构的产生式记忆，便于对层次知识结构进行良好的编码；(2)灵活的产生式规则，可以添加、删除和改变产生式记忆中的产生式规则或工作记忆中的数据元素。(Ii)人类旋律感知和预测的实验和模型建立。我们进行了两个实验，以考察两位音乐专家，一位西方古典音乐专家和另一位日本传统音乐专家对三音符旋律的最终音调推断行为。实验验证了他们对旋律的感知和预测的图式驱动特性。结果表明，西方音乐专家将刺激音调序列同化为西方音乐的“自然”音调系统，而日本音乐专家则没有。根据这位西方音乐专家的声调图式的加工规则，讨论了她的反应结构。我们在APSH上实现了HER加工规则的模型，并讨论了该模型的心理效度。

In this project, we aimed to construct the special purpose production system for the psychological studies of musical cognition, and to make use of it for building the simulation model of the human musical cognitive behavior. Followings are the brief description of the results of this project.(i) Construction of production system. We implemented an experimental adaptive production system - APSH (Adaptive Production System - Hokkaido University) - which has the following facilities;(1) a module-structured production memory which facilitates the well formed encoding of the hierarchical knowledge structure.(2) flexible production rules which can add, delete, and change either of production rules in production memory or data elements in working memory.(ii) Experiments and model building of human melody perception and prediction.We conducted two experiments to investigate the "final-tone" extrapolating behavior of two music experts, one of Western classic music and the other of Japanese traditional music, for three-note melodies. The experiments verified the schema-driven properties of their perception and prediction of melody. The results indicate that the Westernmusic expert assimilated the stimulus tone sequences to the "diatonic" tonal system of Western music but that the Japanese-music expert did not. The response structures of the Western-music expert were discussed in terms of the processing rules of her tonal schema. We implemented the model of her processing rules on APSH and discussed the psychological validity of the model.