Evaluation of Water Treatment Processes Using Bacteriophages as Tracer

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A new method was developed to evaluate the removal efficiency of viruses in water treatment processes using coliphages as a tracer. The results of this research are as follow. 1. Most of coliphages in sewage were found to be adsorbed onto suspended solids. The adsorbed coliphages could be easily eluted into the liquid phase with beef extract. The adsorption mechanism of viruses onto activated sludge particles was investigated in the laboratory-scale batch experiment using coliphage QBETA as model virus. The pH value and the microbial activity were found to be the influential factors. Coliphage QBETA was used also in the chlorination process and the ultraviolet irradiation process as model virus to evaluate the virus inactivation efficiency. 2. The biofilm process had less removal efficiency of coliphages than activated sludge process. Coliphages were adsorbed onto the biofilms and survived there without inactivation. Classification of coliphages was attempted on the plaque size (-1mm, 1-3mm, 3mm-) using E.coli B as a host organism in the activated sludge process. 3. The survival and inactivation of viruses in the composting process was investigated using coliphage QBETA as a model virus. The inactivation process of QBETA in the compost was expressed using first order kinetics considering temperature and water content.