A new Elamite archive from Goshtaspi: Agricultural administration in the late Middle-Elamite kingdom (around 1100 BCE)

2009年，在Kohgiluye va Boyer-Ahmad省Goshtaspi遗址附近发现了楔形泥板，这些泥板现在归Yasuj博物馆所有。最初的研究表明，这些都是Elamite语言的文件。它们包括关于牛羊饲养和农业的表格，以及用以兰语言写的信件。由于文件的格式，印章，词汇，最重要的是古地理，新的文本可以被认为是与那些来自塔尔-伊玛利亚，埃兰的首都一个š安(日期约公元前1100年)，这是由M.斯托尔珀编辑的。在该网站上发现的陶器支持这一年代。来自Goshtaspi的新文件形成了一个独特的新发现，决定性地扩大了我们对Elam帝国的了解：1)中埃兰人的文本第一次不是来自一个伟大的皇家中心，而是来自高地，更准确地说，来自伊朗门的重要通道。2)与Tchoga Zambil、Susa或Haft Tepe的文本不同，Goshtaspi的文本涉及自给自足的农业，特别是牲畜和谷物的管理。3)通过信件的存在--到目前为止，埃兰人信件的唯一证据已经存在于公元2世纪--以及提到HalTamti“Elam”和Anzan“AnšAn”，立即变得明显的是，在文本中被称为曼拉利的地方行政当局与埃兰中央帝国的中心联系在一起。因此，这一发现的仔细编辑为我们提供了对埃拉姆中期迄今不为人知的机构网络、国家组织内农业管理以及文字传播和书面文件实践的重要见解。从历史上看，这一时期值得特别关注，因为在埃兰人与巴比伦人的历史紧密交织到12世纪中叶之后，发生了对埃兰和伊朗高地的新定位。同时，这里也为最终并入阿契美尼德政府的新埃兰派政府奠定了基础。对这些文件的评价将与有关网络和定居点地理以及牛饲养和农业方面的考古发现交换。

In 2009, cuneiform clay tablets were discovered near the ruins of Goshtaspi in Kohgiluye va Boyer-Ahmad province, which are now in the possession of the Yasuj Museum. A first study shows that these are documents in the Elamite language. They include tables on cattle breeding, both sheep and oxen, as well as agriculture, and letters in the Elamite language. Due to the format of the documents the sealings, the vocabulary and above all the palaeography, the new texts can be considered contemporaneous to those from Tal-i Malyan, the Elamite capital Anšan (dated around 1100 BC), which were edited by M. Stolper. The pottery discovered on the site support this dating. The new documents from Goshtaspi form a unique new discovery that decisively expands our knowledge of the empire of Elam: 1) For the first time Middle Elamite texts do not stem from one of the great royal centres, but from the highlands, more exactly, from the important passage of the Iranian Gate. 2) Unlike the texts from Tchoga Zambil, Susa or Haft Tepe, the Goshtaspi texts deal with subsistence farming, especially the management of livestock and grain. 3) Through the presence of letters - the only evidence of Elamite letters to date already in the 2nd millennium - and there the mention of Haltamti "Elam" and Anzan "Anšan" it becomes immediately clear that the local administration in Manlari, as the place is called in the texts, was connected with the centre of the Central Elamite Empire. A careful edition of this find thus provides essential insights into the hitherto unknown institutional networks in the Middle Elamite period, into the administration of agrigulture within state organisations, and into the dissemination of writing and the practice of written documentation. Historically this period deserves special attention, because after the close entanglement of the Elamite with the Babylonian history up to the middle of the 12th century a new orientation towards Elam and the Iranian highlands took place. At the same time, the foundations are laid here for the New Elamite administration, which ultimately merges into the Achaemenid administration. The evaluation of the documents is to take place in exchange with the archaeological findings on the relevant networks and on settlement geography as well as on cattle breeding and agriculture.