Biomechanical study on changes in running kinematics for the elderly with aging

本研究的目的是探讨随年龄增长的老年人跑步运动学的变化。进行了以下研究。对居住在茨城县的339名老年志愿者进行了体力活动问卷调查。结果表明，从相关系数来看，该方法的重现性和效度均处于中等水平。对27名年龄在62 ~ 89岁的男性老年人进行拍照，应用数学模型估计身体各部分的质量、质心位置（CM）和转动惯量（MI）。老年人头部、躯干和前臂的质量比大于年轻人。随着年龄的增长，头部的质量比增加，躯干的质量比降低，而CM和MI的位置变化不显著。用高速摄像机对46名40 ~ 81岁的男性大师级跑者在官方5000米比赛期间进行录像。身体运动学分析表明，尽管跑步速度和步幅，尤其是非支撑阶段的步幅明显减小，但步频随年龄的变化幅度不大。虽然老年人的跑步形式（运动模式）受跑步速度的影响而非年龄的影响，但其跑步形式表现为躯干前倾较大，起跑时髋关节伸展较小。老年人立定跳远起跳时下肢关节的机械力研究与研究2相同的受试者被要求尽可能长时间的站立起跳。采用录像技术和力平台技术计算下肢关节的机械力。随着年龄的增长，下肢关节的最大伸展力矩和同心力依次在髋部、足部和膝关节处显著降低。少

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in running kinematics for the elderly with aging. The following studies were performed.1.Test of reproducibility and validity of a physical activity questionnaire for the elderly Three hundreds and thirty-nine elder volunteers living in Ibaraki Prefecture were asked to answer physical activity questionnaire. The results showed that the reproducibility and validity were on middle level, rating from correlation coefficients.2.Estimation of the body segments parameters for Japanese elderly Twenty-seven male elderly(62 to 89 years old)were photographed to estimate masses, the locations of centers of mass(CM), and moments of inertia(MI)for body segments, applying a mathematical model. Mass ratios of the head, trunk and forearm for the elderly were larger than those of young people. With aging the mass ratio of the head increased and that of the trunk decreased while locations of CM and MI did not changed remarkably.3. Changes in running k … More inematics of master's runners with aging Forty-six male master's runners(40 to 81 years old)were videotaped during of official 5000m races with a high-speed VTR camera. Analyzes of body kinematics showed that decrease in stride frequency with age was small although running speed and stride length, especially length of nonsupport phase remarkably decreased. Although running form(motor pattern)of the elderly was affected by running speed rather than aging, the running form was characterized by larger forward lean of the trunk and less extension of the hip joint at toe-off.4. Mechanical power of the lower limb joint for the elderly in takeoff of standing long jump Subjects same as Study 2 were asked to jump as lomg as possible from standing. Mechanical powers exerted by the lower limb joints were computed with videography and force platform technique. With aging the maxima of extension moment and concentric power of the lower limb joints were significantly decreased at the hip, foot, and knee in order of the degree of decrease. Less