Analysis of the formation mechanism of fertilization membarane on see urchin eggs using wasp venom peptide analogs

早在40年前，人们就发现了来自jadwigae的粗黄蜂毒液可以提高海胆卵的受精膜（FM），但该毒液的有效成分尚未被阐明。黄蜂毒液中的一种肽Mastoparan被认为是这种有效成分的第一个候选物，因为已知它能够激活G蛋白，而G蛋白是细胞中生物信号的主要传感器。研究了几种天然黄蜂多肽对海胆卵的增肥作用。研究发现，Mastoparan能部分提高卵磷脂含量，但它不可能是毒液的有效成分，因为其他黄蜂肽，如蜂毒肽和趋化肽，能更有效地作用于卵。虽然mastoparan本身几乎不能提高海胆卵的FM，但通过对N^< α >-或N^<epsilon>-氨基的修饰获得了活性。在这些类似物中，[Lys(Dns)^<11>]mastoparan是最有效的，但缺少少量n端残基的丹化肽的截断衍生物没有表现出任何活性。从各种间接证据来看，[Lys(Dns)^<11 b>]乳腺炎不被认为是激活G蛋白来提高海胆卵的FM。该肽只能促进局部皮质反应，但也可诱导染色体聚集和肌动蛋白束的形成。这表明丹酚化乳突蛋白对细胞的作用不是一种非特异性清洁剂，而是一种皮层反应和初始分割的促进剂。

Forty years ago, crude wasp venom from Polistes jadwigae was found to elevate the fertilization membrane(FM)of sea urchin eggs, but effective components of the venom have not been elucidated yet. Mastoparan, a peptide in the wasp venom, was thought to be the first candidate for such an effective component, because it was known to be able to activate G protein, which is a major transducer of biosignals in cells.1. The activity of various natural wasp peptides to elevate the FM of sea urchin eggs was examined. Mastoparan was foudnd to elevate the FM in part, but it cannot be the effective component of the venom, because other wasp peptides, such as melittin and chemotactic peptides, could act to the eggs more effectively.2. While mastoparan itself hardly elevates the FM of sea urchin eggs, it was found to obtain the activity by modification of N^<alpha>-or N^<epsilon>-amino groups. Among the analogs, [Lys(Dns)^<11>]mastoparan was most effective, but truncated derivatives of the dansylated peptide that lacked a few N-terminal residuees did not show any activity.3. From various indirect evidences, [Lys(Dns)^<11>]mastoparan was not thought to activate the G protein to elevate the FM of sea urchin eggs. The peptide must promote only the topical cortical reactions, but it was also found to induce the aggregation of chromosomes and the formation of actin bundle. This indicates that the dansylaled mastoparan acts to the cells not as a non-specifiic detergent but as a promoter of the cortical reactions and the initial segmentation.