Research on the better use of abandoned farmland and irrigation canals around cities as well as intermediate/mountainous areas.

在1995年的最后一个研究年度，我们重点调查了中部山区耕地撂荒的实际情况。这些地区的农业正受到农产品进口自由化的严重影响。本文首先考察了劳动生产率较低的边缘地区耕地撂荒的实际情况，并分析了其产生的原因。主要因素是物理的，如倾斜，灌溉条件，道路条件等，另一方面，中间/山区与稀缺的耕地撂荒地也进行了观察。在此基础上，阐明了耕地撂荒的产生机制，并在明确城市边缘区与中山区的区别后，提出了土地利用规划、土地利用结构调整等防止撂荒和退耕还林的措施。通过对耕地整理规划、道路规划、排灌规划以及村民自行规划的土地管理软件的分析，再次肯定了合理耕地具有涵养水源、防灾减灾的功能，明确了退耕还林带来负功能的实际情况。从这方面阐明农地管理的重要性也是我们研究的重要成果之一。

In the last research year 1995 we put stress on investigating the actual situation of cultivation-abandoned farmland in intermedate/mountanous areas. Agriculture in those areas is suffering seriously form the liberalization of agricultural products import. We, at first, tried to observe the actual situation of cultivation-abandoned farmland in the marginal areas where labor productivity is very low, and identified the reasons of such phenomenon. The main factor was physical, such as inclination, irrigation condition, road condition, etc. On the other hand, intermediate/mountainous areas with scarce cultivation-abandoned farmland were also observed. Social important condition such as optimal selection of crops, promotion of collective farming, interchange between villages and cities could be extracted as this factor.Based on knowledge above, a mechanism of apperance of cultivation-abandoned farmland was clarified, and after a difference between urban fringe and intermediate/mountainous areas was calified, measures preventing abandonment and turning abandoned farmland into cultivation again, such as landuse plan, farmland consolidation plan, road plan, irrigation and drainage plan as well as software of land management plannned by village inhabitants themselves could be shown.Moreover, it is reaffirmed again that properly cultivated farmland has functions of fostering waterresources and preventing disasters, and actual situation that cultivation-abandoned farmland brought about minus functions becomes clear. Clarification of an importance of farmland management from this aspect is also one of important results of our research.