A Comparative Study on History of Quantum Theory and Solid State Physics in the period of 1920's to 1930's.

1.首先，作为导论，回顾了经典量子理论和磁学的发展历程。并指出，将磁学推向量子理论有两种途径：(1)原子磁矩与电子自旋关系的发现过程；(2)固体中原子磁矩之间的相互作用力和原子自旋之间的量子力学交换相互作用的发现过程。根据上述(1)，研究了磁力实验在电子自旋概念建立史上的作用。基本磁矩的第一个假设是1823年的安培分子电流。但是，这个假设并没有被人们注意到，因为在安培时代，人们对固体中的电流和电子一无所知。大约70年后，当选的…已经成为一种常识多罗恩是常见物质的成分之一，它有自己的电荷和质量，它的运动是固体中电流的原因。磁力效应是建立在磁矩必须单独具有机械力矩这一概念的基础上的，它已经成为一种假设。然后分别由Barnett(1914)和Einstain-de Haas(1915)进行了实验研究。但是，他们的结果同样表明，估计的角动量和磁矩之比(磁力比)约为理论估计值的一半，因此称为磁力反常。在这些实验之后不久，人们认为基本磁矩可能取决于电子自旋而不是轨道角运动，这与反常塞曼效应的情况类似。狄拉克(P.A.M.Dirac)构造了相对论量子力学理论(1928年)，得到了这些问题的完整解决方案。这些研究的细节发表在《BUTURIGAKUSI》，第8期(1995年)，日文，PUB。首页--期刊主要分类--期刊细介绍--期刊题录与文摘-期刊详细文摘内容较少

1. Firstly, as an introductive study on the title, the hystorical development of the classical quantum theory and magnetism is reviewed. And it has been pointed out that there are two hystorical ways to approach the magnetism to the quantum theory, as follows.(1) The discovering process on the relation of atomic magnetic moment and electron spin, and,(2) the other process, on the interactive mechanical force between atomic magnetic moments in solid and the quantum mechanical exchange interaction between atomic spins.2. According to the above (1) , the role of the magneto-mechanical experiment in the history of establishment of concept on the electron spin was investigated. The first postulation of the elementary magnetic moment was Ampere's molecular current in 1823. But, this postulation was not noticed by people, because nothing was known about the electric current and electrons in solid, in the age of Ampere's. After about 70 years latter, it has become a common sense that the elect … More ron, one of the constituents of common material, has its own charge and mass, and its motion is the cause of electric current in solid. The magneto-mechanical effect, which is based on the concept that the magnetic moment must has mechanical moment individualy, has become to postulate. And the magneto-mecanical ratio was estimated theoretically, then the experimental trials were done by Barnett (1914) , and by Einstain-de Haas (1915) , respectively. But, their results equally showed that the estimated ratio of angular momentum and magnetic moment (magneto-mechanical ratio) was about one half of the theoretical estimation, then it was called the magneto-mecanical anomaly. Soon after of these trials, it has been thought taht the elementary magnetic moment may depend upon the electron spin rather than orbital angular motion, on the analogy of the case of anomalous Zeeman effect. The compleat solution of these pro blems are obtaned by P.A.M.Dirac, who has constructed the relastivitic quantum mechanical theory (1928).Details of these study are published on "BUTURIGAKUSI" , No.8 (1995) , in Japanese, pub. BUTURIGAKUSI-KENKYUUKAI,c/o H.Konno, Dept.Phys.Yokohama Nat'1.Univ. Less