Quantitative and Institutional Analyzes of the Structure and Transformation of the Shunto System

神户是日本一种独特的工资制定机构，在其他国家没有类似的做法。这项研究的目的是分析20世纪70年代中期以来的结构及其变形。为此，本研究采用了以下两个层面的方法1。制度分析。本文的主要研究内容如下：1.历史地回顾了工资制的发展历程，强调了工资制形成和外溢的重要意义。计量经济研究中，利用日本劳动省劳动关系局的数据，对反映溢出效应的工资函数进行了估计。从上述文献中可以得出两种检验溢出效应的方法：关键行业和非关键行业之间的相对工资和相对盈利能力。结合这两个溢出度量，实证估计证明，与1967-1974年相比，1975-1989年间的溢出效应有所减弱。首先，虽然工资决定仍然存在，但自20世纪70年代中期以来，其功能和结果已经发生了根本性的变化。其次，这并不意味着日本的工资制定机构已经转向变得更加分散。相反，在金属行业，雇主和工会之间的统一工会行动和相互理解得到了加强。然而，这一发展导致了金属行业与其他剩余行业之间的利益差距拉大。

Shunto is an idiosyncratic wage-setting institution in Japan that has no parallel in other countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structure and its transforation since the mid-1970s. For this purpose, this study employs the following two-level approaches.1. Institutional Analysis. The development of shunto was reviewed historically, and the significance of the formation and spillover of going wage was highlighted.2. Econometric Investigation, Wage function which captures the spillover effect was estimated, using the data from Labor Relations Bureau, Japan Ministry of Labor. Two methods to test the spillover effect were derived from the forgoing literature : relative wages and relative profitability between the key and non-key industries. Incorporating these two measures of spillovers, the empirical estimates proved that, compared to the 1967-1974 period, the spillover effect weakened in the 1975-1989 period.Two conclusions emerge from this research. First, while shunto wage determination is still in existence, the function and outcome have been fundamentally transformed since the mid-1970s. Second, this does not signify that the Japanese wage-setting institution has shifted to become more fragmented. On the contrary, the unified union action and mutual understanding between employers and unions have been intensified in the metal industries. However, this development has led to widening gap of interests between the metal industries and other remaining industries.