Establishment of Analytical method of Binding Media Used Works of Art

对于艺术品的研究和它们的修复，粘合剂的识别以及颜料的识别是相当重要的。结合介质由复杂的有机化合物组成，但只有少量样品可用于分析。本研究采用GC-MS和HPLC法对艺术品中干性油、胶水等粘结介质进行了鉴定，并研究了两种有机碱性试剂四甲基氢氧化铵（TMAH）和间三氟甲基苯基三甲基氢氧化铵（m-TFPTAH）作为GC-MS鉴定干漆膜中干性油的试剂的应用。与重氮甲烷甲基化法相比，两种试剂对不同油脂的软脂酸/硬脂酸比值的测定结果均较好，但TMAH对甲基化温度要求较高。因此，m-TFPTAH似乎在目的上具有上级优势，并且应该能够以比重氮甲烷甲基化更简单的方法从更小的样品中鉴定干性油。采用高效液相色谱法对敦煌莫高窟壁画粘结剂中的氨基酸进行了分析，研究了粘结剂的质量对壁画表面损伤的影响。从这些壁画的表面上取很小一部分样品，用HCl气相法水解。将水解产物进样到HPLC柱中，对不同种类的氨基酸进行鉴定和组成测定。根据油漆样品与对照样品之间的氨基酸比值模式，得出各样品的氨基酸相似性，并通过聚类分析计算各样品的氨基酸组成比较。从20个油漆样品的结果，在每个样品中的动物胶组分的存在和它们的量计算的氨基酸总量。

For the study of art objects and their rostoration, the identification of binding media as well as that of pigments is considerably important. Binding media consist of complicated organic compounds but only a small amount of sample can be used for analysis. In this study, identification of binding media such as drying oils and glue used in works of art was carried out by GC-MS and by HPLC.The application of two organic alkaline reagent, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and m-trifluoro-methylphenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (m-TFPTAH) , as the reagent for the identification of drying oil in the dried paint films with GC-MS is studied. Both two reagents showed good results for obtaining the Palmitic/Stearic ratios from various oils, comparing with the "diazomethane methylation method" , but TMAH required higher temperature for methylation. Therefore, m-TFPTAH seemed to be superior in the purpose, and is supposed to make possible to identify the drying oil from smaller sample with simpler method than diazomethane methylation. Infuence of the quality of binding media used in ancient wall paintings of Dunhuang Mogao-ku Grottoes upon damages of their surfaces were studied by amino acid analysis with HPLC tequnique. A very small portion of each sample taken from the surfaces of such wall paintings was hydrolyzed by Hcl gas phase method. The hydrolytic product was injected into HPLC column to identify and determine theu composition of different kinds of amino acid. Amino acid similarity of each sample was Obtained from the pattern of each amino acid ratio between of paint samples and that of controls, and also compartion of amino acid composition of each sample was calculated by Cluster analysis. From the results of twenty paintsamples, presence of animal glue components in every sample and their amounts were caluclated in terms of total quantities of amino acid.