Functional characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in chickens -Regulation of PPAR gene expression in embryo and early growth stages and utilization for high quality animal products-

过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体（Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor，PPAR）是一种调节哺乳动物体内能量、脂质和葡萄糖代谢的转录因子。本研究旨在探讨鸡PPARs是否参与能量、脂肪和葡萄糖代谢的调控，以及通过调控鸡胚和孵化后鸡的PPARs基因表达，是否能提高鸡的生产质量。(1)PPARs对鸡骨骼肌解偶联蛋白及其辅助因子的调控在鸡线粒体中，avUCP和avANT在能量代谢中起重要作用。冷驯化7 d后，avUCP的表达量随着PGC-1α基因表达量的增加而增加。在饥饿条件下，PPARs和avANT基因表达量线性增加，直到饥饿48小时。这些结果表明，参与线粒体膜解偶联的因子（avUCP和avANT）受PPARs和/或这些协同因子的调节。 ...更多信息 或(2)PPARs在鸡脂肪细胞分化中的生理功能本研究表明，在脂肪酸诱导的鸡脂肪形成过程中，PPARγ是脂肪细胞分化的关键调节因子。PPARβ/δ可促进由PPARγ激活诱导的鸡脂肪形成。因此，PPARs在鸡脂肪形成的调控中起着至关重要的作用。(3)在给予PPARs激动剂Troglitazone（一种PPARγ合成配体）的鸡骨骼肌中，胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖转运的改善，通过调节骨骼肌葡萄糖转运改善了对葡萄糖和胰岛素给药的耐受性，这些作用伴随着血浆脂联素和NEFA水平的变化。这些结果表明，PPARγ参与了鸡种特异性的碳水化合物代谢。(4)通过激活鸡过氧化物酶体增殖物激活体（PPARγ）构建优质肉鸡生产体系对7周龄雏鸡腹腔注射一次PPARγ配体曲格列酮（Troglitazone），可减少脂肪沉积，提高饲料利用率。因此，PPARs表达和活性的调控和修饰可能是生产优质鸡肉的有用技术。少

Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (PPAR) are a transcription factor that modulates energy, lipid and glucose metabolism in mammals. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chicken PPARs is involved in the regulation of energy, lipid and glucose metabolism and whether modification of th gene expression in embryo and post-hatched chicks is utilized to build the high-quality animal production.(1) Regulation of uncoupling protein and the co-factor by PPARs in chicken skeletal musclesIn chickens, avUCP and avANT play important roles of energy metabolism in mitochondria of chickens. The expression of avUCP was increased with the increase of PGC-1α gene expression under the cold acclimation for 7days. In the condition of starvation, PPARs and avANT gene expressions were lineally increased until 48h of starvations. These results suggested that the factors involved in the uncoupling of mitochondria membrane (avUCP and avANT) are regulated by PPARs and/or these co-fact … More ors.(2) Physiological function of PPARs in chicken adipocyte differentiationThe present studies showed that PPARγ is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation during fatty acid-induced adipogensis in chickens. PPARβ/δ stimulated the chicken adipogenesis induced by activation of PPARγ. Thus, PPARs play a crucial role in the regulation of chicken adipogenesis.(3) Improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscles of chickens administrated with PPARs agonistTroglitazone, a PPARγ synthetic ligand, improved tolerance to glucose and insulin administration through modulation of skeletal muscle glucose transport, with these effects being accompanied by changes in plasma adiponectin and NEFA levels. These results suggested that PPARγ is involved in the carbohydrate metabolism species-specific to chickens.(4) Development of high quality meat production system by activation of PPAR in post-hatched chicksThe single intraperitoneal administration of Troglitazone, a PPARγ synthetic ligand, to newly hatched chicks resulted the reduction of fat deposition and the increase of feed utilization in chickens at 7 week of age. It is, therefore, likely that the regulation and modification of PPARs expressions and activities might be useful technique for high-quality chicken meat production. Less