A Study of Restoration with Wall Painting Tomb in Lebanon

该项目的目标是保护和修复罗马地下墓TJ 04在Ramali地区。TJ 04的房间里有21个房间（19个在墙上，2个在地板上），尽管TJ 04已经被打开并损坏了。2002年，奈良大学教授西山阳一等进行了调查，发现了墙壁和天花板上的绘画。2004年进一步调查，我们还在泥土和沙子中发现了壁画和建筑石的许多部分。他们的结论是，80%的密室、壁画和密室将用他们找到的部分修复。（基岩和建筑石材的材料分析;颜料的化学分析;壁画的清洗;墙壁的强度测试;以及温度、湿度、照度、紫外线强度、CO_2浓度和空气污染的测量）。同样在2009年，我们试图 ...更多信息 修复Bruj el Shamali的T.01墓。在该项目中，在调查的基础上，从考古学、建筑学和土木工程学的角度研究了基岩挖掘的条件、墓的结构（地板和墙壁上的室、门和入口处的一段楼梯）以及用包括陶片在内的砂浆覆盖墙壁和天花板的技术。遗物（例如，此外，还从考古学、艺术史和科学的角度研究了这些文物（如铜灯、玻璃瓶、陶瓷和铅制棺材），从而澄清了材料、制作和技术。通过对壁画艺术的图案和颜料的历史性和科学性的研究，对绘画技术进行了考察，从而不仅弄清了地中海东部沿岸的和黎巴嫩地区罗马墓葬的实际情况和特点，而且还弄清了当时的社会结构。科学保护的研究，以防止剥落的壁画，和环境的测量将告诉我们的原因，为什么壁画一直保持其鲜艳的颜色没有褪色这么长的时间（1900年，因为它是在公元2美分。研究结果也为今后壁画保护环境的控制提供了有用的数据。我们的目标是调查建筑和土木工程技术，重建坟墓，并向公众开放，作为一个珍贵的地下壁画墓。年轻的黎巴嫩人在黎巴嫩和日本接受了良好的教育，这些壁画，文物和整个废墟。因此，我们将把日本优秀的科学保护和修复文化遗产的理论和技术传授给他们。在本项目中，我们以保护科学、建筑学、艺术史、遗址修复等为基础，进行科学调查，并进行学术研究，如：传授我们的科学保护和修复技术。通过这些研究，我们澄清和重建了罗马时期的黎巴嫩文化和社会，并将这些遗产传给我们的后代。因此，这个项目与过去在中东的考古研究和修复分开进行的项目不同。少

The goal of this project is conservation and restoration of a Roman underground tomb TJ04 at Ramali area. TJ04 has 21 loculus (19 on the walls and 2 on the floor) in its chamber, although TJ04 has been already opened and damaged. Investigations by NISHIYAMA Yoichi (Professor, Nara University) and other researchers in 2002, revealed paintings on the walls and on the ceiling.On further investigations in 2004, we also found many parts of the wall paintings and building stones of loculus in earth and sand. They concluded that 80% of the chamber, wall paintings, and loculus will be restored with the parts they had found. Other investigations were conducted simultaneously ; (material analyses of the bedrock and the building stones ; a chemical analyses of the pigments ; a cleaning of the wall paintings ; strength test of the walls ; and measurements of temperature, humidity, illumination, intensity of ultra-violet light, CO_2 concentration, and air pollution ).Similarly in 2009, we tried to … More restore the T.01 tomb in Bruj el Shamali.In this project, condition of bedrock digging, structure of the tomb (loculus on the floor and walls, the door and a flight of stairs at the entrance), and the techniques for cov ering the walls and the ceilings with mortar including potsherds are studied archaeologically, architecturally, and civil engineering on the basis of the investigations. Relics (e.g., lamps, glass bottles and ceramic and lead coffins) are also studied archaeologically, art historically, and scientifically, and thus material, making and technique are clarified. Painting technique is examined with the studies of a pattern and pigments of the wall paintings art historically and scientifically, therefore not only the actual situation and characteristic of Roman tombs in the region of the eastern Mediterranean littoral and Lebanon, but the structure of the society of those days are clarified. The studies of scientific conservation to prevent exfoliations of the wall paintings, and the measurements of the environment will tell us the reasons why the wall paintings have kept their bright colors without fading for such a long time (1900 years, since it was painted in the A.D. 2 cent.).The studies also give us the useful data to control the environment for conservation of the wall paintings in the future. What we are aiming at is the investigation of architectural and civil engineering techniques, reconstruction of the tomb, and an opening to the public as a precious underground tomb with wall paintings. Young Lebanese got good education in Lebanon and also in Japan with these wall paintings, the relics, and the whole ruin. Therefore, Japanese outstanding theory and techniques of scientific conservation and restoration of cultural assets will be passed on to them.In this project, we perform scientific investigation based on conservation science, architecture, art history, restoration of ruins, and so on. We also make an academic study, e.g., passing on our techniques of scientific conservation and restoration. With these studies, we clarify and reconstruct the Lebanese culture and society in Roman period, and we will hand these heritage down to our posterity. Therefore this project is dissimilar from the past ones in the Middle East in which archaeological research and restoration have been done separately. Less