Principles and Conditions for Formation of Agri-environmental Program

为了从多个组成部分整合为一个项目的观点来解释哪些原则对农业环境项目的形成起着重要作用，项目负责人横河教授与斯图加特霍亨海姆大学的W.Grosskopf教授合作，对欧洲的农业环境项目模式，特别是德国模式进行了研究。这项研究原本是我们上一个研究项目的继续，上一个研究项目也从成本支付的角度探讨了农业环境政策的形成原则，因此研究了农业环境措施的两个成本支付原则--污染者付费原则和共同收费原则的适用标准，以及这些原则如何适用于日本农业。这一次发现，农业环境规划形成的主要原则是合作原则。“合作原则”指的是…更广泛地说，农民、公民、推广工作者和地方政府管理人员以伙伴关系的地位参与(整合)一个项目。另一方面，它采取农民、公民和管理者之间的法律形式的协议，即环境合同或合同和法律法规的混合(整合)。本项目的15名成员从不同的角度进行了研究，考察了日本农业形成农业环境项目的各种条件：从环境友好型生产支持系统的角度，从有机农业和环境友好型农业的盈利及其行为的角度，从非营利组织营销理论的应用，从促进自然和农业资源循环利用的角度，从欠发达山区农村社区内生发展的角度，从延长当地居民对畜牧业污染防治措施的非合同型协议的角度来看。较少

In order to explain what principles play an important role for the formation of agri-environmental programs from the viewpoint of integration of many components into a program, the head investigator of project, Prof.Yokogawa, made research on the european models of agri-environmental program, especially on the German model, in cooperation with Prof.W.Grosskopf, Stuttgart Hohenheim university. This research is originally a continuance of our last research project, which also dealt with the principles of the formation of agri-environmental policies from the viewpoint of cost disbursement and therefore dealt with what criterion is for application of two principles of cost disbursement of agri-environmental measures, "polluter pays principle(PPP)" and "common charge principle" and how these principles can be applied to Japanese agriculture. This time it is found that the main principle of formation of agri-environmental programs is "cooperation principle". The "cooperation principle" means … More generally the participation(integration) of farmers, citizens, extention workers and administrators of local government into a program with a position of partnership. On the other hand it takes a legal form of agreements among farmers, citizens and administrators, namely the environmental contract or mixture(integration) of contract and legal regulation on the farming.15 members of our project made researches and examed various conditions for formation of agri-environmental programs in Japanese agriculture from different viewpoints : from standpoint of supporting system of environment-friendly production, from standpoint of profitability of organic farming and environment-friendly farming and their behavior, from standpoint of application of marketing theory of non-profit organizations, from standpoint of promoting of recycling of natural and agricultural resources, from standpoint of endogenous development of rural communities in less favored and mountainous areas, from standpoint of extension of non-contract type agreements of local people on the anti-pollution measures of livestock farming. Less