Why is the mild exercise effective for prevention and treatment of common disease?

基于2型糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、心脏病和高血压的常见病理原因可能是内皮细胞和骨骼肌功能和结构异常的假设，我们采用组织化学、生化、采用分子生物学方法，研究乳酸阈值轻度运动训练对常见疾病参数及危险因素的影响。所得结果如下：1.VO2max与NOx基础水平之间存在显著相关性。2.虽然我们用组织化学方法观察到人体骨骼肌中eNOS和iNOS的存在，但训练后这两种酶的变化并不大，无法检测到。3.单次轻度运动后血清NOx水平无明显变化。4.6周的训练显著提高了血清NOx的基础水平和人体骨骼肌的毛细血管密度。毛细血管密度变化与血脂变化有关。5.轻度训练6周后NOx基础水平升高，长期（12周）训练后恢复到训练前水平。我们还发现，长期训练并没有改变老年人的NOx水平。6.6周的训练倾向于增加前臂反应性亢进和基础igfbp - 1水平，并改善胰岛素抵抗。7.我们证实，训练显著提高了高血压患者的左室压，降低了收缩压和舒张压。基于这些结果，我们得出结论，轻度运动训练可以改善早期内皮依赖性血管舒张和胰岛素抵抗的能力，这些改善可能与常见疾病的风险降低有关。

Based on the hypotheses that common pathological cause of type2 diabete5, hypercholesteremia, heart disease, and hypertension might be due to abnormality of function and structure in endothelial cell and skeletal muscle, we measured the parameters of the function and structure in endothelial cell and skeletal muscle by histochemical, biochemical, molecularbiological methods and investigated the effect of mild exercise training at lactate threshold on the parameters and risk factors of common disease. Obtained results are as follows. 1.A significant correlation between VO2max and basal levels of NOx was found. 2.Although we observed the existence of both the eNOS and iNOS in human skeletal muscle using histochemical method, the change in these enzymes after the training was not large enough to be detected. 3.The blood level of serum NOx did not change after a single bout of mild exercise. 4.6-wk training significantly augmented both the basal level of serum NOx and capillary density in human skeletal muscle. The changes in capillary density were related to change in blood lipid profile. 5.Eleyated basal level of NOx after 6-wk of mild training returned to the pre-training level after the long-term (12-wk) training. We also found that long-term training did not change NOx level in elderly. 6.The 6-wk training tended to increase forearm reactive hyperernia and basal IGFBP-l level, and improve insulin resistance. 7.We confirmed that the training significantly increased LT and decreased both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Based on these results, we conclude that mild exercise training at LT can improve the ability of endothelial-dependent vasodilation and insulin resistance in its early stages and these improvements may be associated with the risk reduction of common disease.