Immunoresponse to Salmonella bacteria in hen oviduct and its endocrine control

采用组织学和免疫组织化学方法，研究了沙门氏菌（SE）对鸡卵巢和输卵管的感染过程及其免疫应答。腹腔注射的SE菌分布于输卵管和卵巢组织的粘膜上皮和上皮下基质中。表达MHC II类抗原的抗原呈递细胞和T细胞亚群的增加与SE的侵袭有关，表明发生了对SE的免疫应答。输卵管粘膜中存在抗菌肽，且表达随SE感染而增加。这些结果表明，SE细菌侵入并停留在生殖器官组织中，而先天性和适应性免疫反应都发生在SE上。在接下来的实验中，证实了生殖器官的局部免疫不仅在防御系统中起重要作用，而且在生殖功能中也起重要作用。通过时间饲料调节诱导的强制换羽提高了换羽后母鸡的产蛋量。然而，饲料调节可能会影响鸟类的免疫力。我们证明，强制蜕皮导致垂体的组织重塑，可能是负责提高产蛋量，而治疗免疫控制的内分泌功能也下降。

Contamination of poultry products by salmonella bacteria is one of the most serious problems for the production of safe foods, and thus research for protection of birds from infection by them is needed.The infection process by salmonella enteritidis (SE bacteria) in the ovary and oviduct and the immune response to them were examined using histological and immunhistochemical method. SE bacteria intraperitoneally injected were found in the mucosal epithelium and subepithelial stroma of oviduct and ovarian tissues. Antigen presenting cells expressing MHC class II and T cell subsets were increased in association with SE invasion, suggesting that the immunoresponse to SE occurred. Antimicrobial peptide was found in the oviductal mucosa and the expression was increased with SE infection. These results suggest that SE bacteria invade in the tissues of reproductive organs and stay there, whereas both innate and adaptive immune responses occur against SE.In the next experiment, it was confirmed that the local immunity in reproductive organs play significant role not only in defense system but also in reproductive functions.Forced molting induced by a temporal feed regulation improves egg production in postmolt hens. However, feed regulation may affect the immunity of birds. We demonstrated that forced molting cause the tissue remodeling of the pituitary that may be responsible in improving egg production, whereas the treatment endocrine functions for the control of immunity also decline.