Basic Researches on the Micropositioning techniques of Cells and Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering

生物组织和器官是由几种类型的细胞和细胞外基质组成的微观结构，是三维的。因此，在组织工程领域中，建立将活细胞和生物材料精确定位到有针对性的位置的技术是非常重要的。在本研究项目中，我们一直致力于进行基础研究，并产生一些创新技术，将活细胞定位到目标位置，为组织工程的发展做出贡献。作为一些有前景的方法，我们已经研究了活细胞和生物材料的微定位技术的可行性，如使用喷墨打印和微操作技术。总结了组织工程的概念，讨论了这些方法用于组织工程的可能性，重点介绍了用于组织工程的喷墨技术。我们已经挑战了使用喷墨…弹出活细胞更多的机器，并调查了被弹出的细胞的损坏。因此，我们认识到，我们可以在不造成重大损害的情况下驱逐活细胞。为了避免细胞干燥和构建三维结构，我们开发了一种通过喷墨打印形成凝胶的技术。利用这种技术，我们可以防止细胞干燥，并成功地构建了三维凝胶结构，如含有细小凝胶纤维的格子和管，其中包括活细胞。这种细胞和生物材料的微定位技术使我们能够利用计算机辅助设计和制造技术来制造生物组织。创新的组织工程将成为现实。然后，我们设计了一种微血管模式，并使用计算流体力学技术对其进行了评估。此外，我们根据临床CT扫描数据构建了器官的计算三维模型，并利用三维打印机制作了基于这些CAD数据的三维铸件模型，从而对组织工程中的细胞和生物材料的微定位技术进行了基础研究，并论证了利用计算机和微定位技术实现这些方法的可能性。先进的计算机和机械技术与组织工程相结合，必将为组织工程医学的未来做出贡献。较少

Biological tissues and organs are constructed with a microscopic structure, with several types of cells and extra cellular matrixes, in three dimensionally. Therefore, it is very important in the field of tissue engineering to establish the technologies to position living cells and biological materials precisely onto an intentionally targeted position.In this research project, we have been aiming to make basic researches and to produce some innovative technologies to position living cells onto the targeted position, to contribute to develop tissue engineering. As some of the promising approaches, we have investigated the feasibility of micropositioning techniques of living cells and biomaterials such as using inkjet printing and micromanipulation techniques. And we summarized the concept and discussed about the possibilities of these approaches for tissue engineering.We focused mainly on the inkjet techniques for tissue engineering. We have challenged to eject living cells using inkjet … More machine, and have investigated the damages of the ejected cells. As a result, we have recognized that we could eject living cells without significant damages. To avoid drying of cells and to construct three-dimensional structures, we developed a gel formation technique by inkjet printing. With this technique, we could prevent cells from drying and succeeded in the construction of three dimensional gel structures such as a lattice and a tube with fine gel fibers, including living cells in them. Such techniques for micropositioning of cells and biomaterials enables us to manufacture biological tissues with the techniques of computer aided designing and manufacturing. Innovative tissue engineering will come true.Then, we designed a microvasculature pattern and evaluated it using the technique of computational fluid dynamics. In addition, we constructed computational three-dimensional model of organs from a clinical CT scan data, and made some three dimensional cast models based on such CAD data using three-dimensional printer.In these ways, we have made basic researches on the micropositioning techniques of cells and biomaterials for tissue engineering and have demonstrated the possibility of these approaches using computer and micropositioning techniogies. Collaboration of advanced computer and mechanical technologies with tissue engineering will surely contribute to the future of tissue engineering medicine. Less