A Study of Process Documentation for Participatory Development in Sri Lanka and Indonesia

这项研究试图探索记录和描述发展过程，特别是参与性发展过程的过程文件的可能性。事实上，参与式发展往往会有许多曲折，因为它取决于各种影响因素，而这些因素在其规划中是意想不到的。为了正确理解这些过程，出于实际原因和发展人类学的需要，过程记录是必要的。在2002年考察了行动者网络理论之后，我们在2003和2004年进行了过程记录的现场试验。虽然我们还没有分析所有收集到的数据，但到目前为止，我们提出了以下几点：1.这项研究，即使是一项实验性的研究，也被发现对我们来说太耗时了。它需要现场研究人员的合作，例如博士生，他们可以在现场环境中呆上几年。2.从方法论检验来看，我们相信行动者-网络方法将有助于编制过程文件。例如，记录参与性概念的框架是如何形成、稳定和变化的，行动者网络方法可能能够澄清强势行动者之间的主导“公共成绩单”，为他们自己的合法地位，也能够发现村民之间的“隐藏”成绩单“为他们自己所用。3.如果像D.Mosse最近关于发展民族志的研究那样，采用行动者网络方法，它可能无法看到不同的行为者(人/非人类，自然/社会)之间的各种互动和代理变化。为了避免这种分类切割，我们需要继续在该领域进一步测试这种方法。

This study attempted to explore the possibility of process documentation, by which development process is recorded and described, especially for participatory development. In fact, participatory development tends to proceed with many twists and turns because it depends on various affecting factors which were not expected in its planning. In order to grasp such processes properly, process documentation is required for practical reasons as well as anthropology of development.After examining actor-network theory in 2002, we carried out our field trials for process documentation in 2003 and 2004. Although we have not analyzed all the data collected yet, the following points were made dear up to now.1.This study, even an experimental one, is found to be too much time-consuming for us to carry out. It needs collaboration of field researchers such as PhD students, who can spend a few years at field situations.2.From methodological examinations, we are confident that actor-network approach will contribute to process documentation. For instance, recording how the frame of participatory concept is formed, stabilized and changed, actor-network method may be able to clarify the dominant "public transcript" among powerful actors for their own legitamations and also find the "hidden" transcript" among villagers for their own appropriation.3.However, if actor-network method is employed ‘after the event' like D.Mosse's recent studies on development ethnography, it may fail to see various interactions and alternations of agency among heterogeneous actors (humans/nonhumans, nature/society). To avoid such sort-cut, we need to continue to test this method further in the field.