Regional Decentralization and Regionalism in Europe and their Social and Cultural influences

在欧洲一体化的背景下，欧洲地区发生了很大变化。分权带来的变化因国家不同而不同：1)联邦化，2)“地区”制度化，3)“省”的发展等。在英国，“权力下放”是在上个世纪末通过在苏格兰和威尔士建立议会而推进的。从广义上讲，这些地区在能力和规模上存在很大差异。有历史传统和得体文化特色的地区。然而，其他地区缺乏这种特点，有时被迫创造他们的“文化”(例如，英格兰新成立的地区的情况)。我们的研究澄清了法国、德国、西班牙和英国地区的状况和问题，确认了欧洲地区为了有效发挥作用，应该具有一定的共性，也应该是适当文化的发展之地。但欧洲地区不能保持简单的传统和文化实体，也应该适应经济环境，实现动态发展。因此，我们考察了法德边境地区的某些产业发展规划。另一个值得注意的事实是城市区域问题的幽灵。在外来人口和其他少数民族人口集中的城市社区，失业、失学和社会排斥等问题已经变得严重。我们的研究也聚焦于这些现实，特别是在法国和英国，并考察了年轻一代移民融合文化创造的可能性。

European regions have changed considerably under the integration of Europe. The transformations brought about by the decentralization differ according to the countries : 1)federalization, 2)institutionalization of "regions", 3)development of "provinces", etc. In UK, the "devolution" was advanced by founding the assemblies in Scotland and Wales at the end of the last century. These regions in broad sense vary considerably in their competence and size. There are the regions characterized by historical tradition and proper culture. Other regions, however, lack such characteristic and are sometimes forced to create their "culture"(e.g.cases of newly formed regions in England). Our researches clarified those states and problems of regions in France, Germany, Spain and UK and confirmed that the regions in Europe should, in order to function effectively, have common characters to certain extent and also should be the place of development of proper cultures.However, the regions of Europe can not remain simple traditional and cultural entity, should also be adapted to the economic environments and realize a dynamic development. Thus, we investigated certain industrial development planning pursued in Franco-German frontier regions.Another fact worthy of notice is the apparition of the urban regional problems. In the urban communities where concentrates the population of immigrants and other minorities, have become serious the problems such as unemployment, school failure and social exclusion, so on. Our research also focused on those realities, especially in France and UK, and examined the possibilities of syncretic cultural creation by young generation of immigrants.