Life history of marine mammals and their environunental condition

我们调查了海豚和海豹在世界不同地区的分布、迁徙、生长、繁殖、食性、种群识别。我们还利用海洋哺乳动物的样本，加强了对有机氯化合物(OCS)、有机锡污染物(BTS)、重金属和放射性核素的海洋污染的监测研究。我们发表了93篇科学论文(88篇英文和4篇日文)，23篇文章(英文4篇，日文19篇)和一篇英文论文集。在国际和国内学术会议上，我们做了77次报告(英语38次，日语39次)。对危险化学品如OCS、BTS和重金属调查的累积研究为达尔江豚提供了有趣的科学证据。自1991年前苏联解体以来，里海面临着严峻的环境状况。1997年、1998年和2000年发生的数千只里海海豹大规模灭绝的主要原因可能是该物种的免疫系统降低了。我们在里海海豹的血清样本中发现了A型流感病毒(A/曼谷/1/79/HsN2)。这种流感病毒在里海海豹中已经活跃了20多年。在不久的将来，人类可能会在世界各地感染这种病毒。因此，我们需要建立一个组织严密的研究体系。我们研究了体外暴露BTS对海洋哺乳动物和人类淋巴细胞有丝分裂原诱导反应的评估。当细胞暴露在自然界中的正常水平时，观察到明显的抑制作用，表明BTS是一种剧毒的化学物质。我们还发现了多种危险化学品的显著影响。本研究建议建立海洋生态系统的长期监测体系。

We investigate distribution, migration, growth, reproduction, feeding habit, population identification of dolphins and seals in the various areas of the world. And we also enforce monitoring study on marine pollution of organochlorine compounds (OCs), organotin cimpounds (BTs), heavy metals, and radionuclides, using samples of marine mammals. We published 93 scientific papers (88 in English and 4 in Japanese) with the peered referees, 23 articles (4 in English, 19 in Japanese) and one English proceedings. In the international and national academic conference, we made 77 presentations (38 in English and 39 in Japanese).Accumulation study of hazardous chemicals such as OCs, BTs and heavy metals survey provided the interesting scientific evidence of Dall's porpoises. Since 1991 when the former USSR was collapsed, Caspian Sea faced severe environmental condition. Main reason of the mass die-off of several thousands Caspian seals occurred in 1997, 1998 and 2000, might be due to the lowered immune system of the species. We found the A-type influenza virus (A/Bangkok/1/79/HsN2) in the serum samples of Caspian seals. This influenza virus has been active in the Caspian seals for more than 20 years. In the near future, humans might be infected with this virus all over the world. Thus, we need to establish the well-organized research system for this matter.We investigated evaluation of mitogen-induced responses in marine mammals and human lymphocytes by in-vitro exposure of BTs. Significant suppression was observed when the cells were exposed at normal level in the nature, suggesting BTs are strong toxic chemical. And we also found significant effect of plural hazardous chemicals. This study suggests that we need to establish the long-term monitoring system in marine ecosystem.