Research on the Difference of Social Studies' Skill between Japan and New Zealand

在新西兰，所有科目都有共同的技能。在每个学科中，学习内容都与技能相关。技能的成就目标显示在每个级别。在社会研究中，沟通、解决问题等技能与学习内容有关，包括社会组织、文化和遗产、地点和环境、时间/连续性/变化、资源和经济活动。另一方面，作为一种技能的“观点和思维方式”（Mikata, Kangaekata）在日本社会研究中占有重要地位。但它并不被认为是适用于所有学科的技能。日语技能（社会研究的观点和思维方式）仅作为标题列举。因此，有必要像新西兰那样一步一步地展示技能的成就目标，以教育日本社会研究的观点和思维方式的技能。此外，本研究还发现，在社会学课程中，通过在学习内容中加入对未来的改变而不仅仅是对现在的理解，很容易促进学生的价值判断和决策。然而，在日本和新西兰这些偏远地区的学校教育中，知识和理解更为重要。这是偏远地区区域教育试图解决与城市学习差异的结果。

In New Zealand, skills common to all subjects are set. In each subject, learning contents are related with skills. Achievement aims of skills are shown at every level. In social studies, skills such as communication, problem solving and so are concerned with learnig contents consisted of social organization, culture and heritage, place and environment, time/continuity/change, and resources and economic activities. On the other hand, "Viewpoints and a way of thinking" (Mikata, Kangaekata) that is a kind of skill is imprtant in Japanese social studies. But it does not recognized as skills for all subjects. Japanese skills (viewpoins and a way of thinking of social studies) are only enumerated as title. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate achievement aims of skills step by step like New zealand to educate skills including viewpoints and a way of thinking for social studies in Japan. In addition, this research inspected that it was easy in social studies' classes to promote value judgement and decision making by adding changes for future not only understanding of present to learning contents. However, knowledge and understanding are more important in school educations of remote places both Japan and New Zealand. It is result that regional educations of remote places try to solve learning differences with cities.