Study on community empowerment for the prevention of elderly persons' housebound at home

摘要本研究的目的，是要从主要心理因素的角度，阐明心理因素的结构，以及它们与基本属性、生理因素和社会因素的关联，这些因素被认为是它们的背景因素。“足不出户”被定义为通常每周外出不超过一次。对A州O镇65岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查，252人（男性109人，女性143人，有效回复率80.5%）回复如下：“创造性生活取向”、“对生活取得成就的满足感”、“平静自得”和“外出取向”四个心理因素与是否宅在家有关。这4个因素在足不出户组明显低于非足不出户组。四个因素预示着低的“创造性生活取向”：年龄较大，无法行走一公里，缺乏日常工作，没有工具支持。四个因素预测低“对生活成就的满足感”：年龄小，目前身体状况不佳，外出焦虑，缺乏工具支持。一个预示低“平静的喜悦”的因素是：目前身体状况不佳。男性性别和某种身体障碍是预测低“外出倾向”的因素。

The aim of this study was to elucidate the structure of the psychological factors and their associations with basic attributes and physical and socialfactors considered to be their background factors from the standpoint of the major psychological factors operating in elderly persons who are housebound despite being mobile and having only mild physical impairments. "Housebound" was defined as ordinarily going out no more than once a week.A questionnaire survey of elderly persons 65 years of age and over residing in O town, A prefecture, was conducted, and the results below were obtained from the replies of 252 of them (109 men, 143 women, valid reply rate : 80.5%).Four psychological factors were associated with whether housebound or not : "creative orientation toward living", "sense of fulfillment with a chievements in life", "calm elation", and "orientation toward going out". These 4 factors were significantly lower in the housebound group than in the non-housebound group.Four factors predicted low "creative orientation toward living" : older age, inability to walk one kilometer, absence of a daily routine, and no instrumental support.Four factors predicted low "sense of fulfillment with achievements in life" : low age, poor current physical condition, anxiety in regard to going out, and absence of instrumental support.One factor predicted low "calm elation" : poor current physical condition.Male gender and a physical handicap of some kind were factors that predicted low "orientation toward going out".