Neurobiology of hydra primitive nervous system

(1)水螅体假说的神经环是双侧动物中枢神经系统的起源？“水螅的神经环与双侧动物的中枢神经系统有着共同的起源”这一假说得到了检验。考虑到所有可用的信息，这个假设是很有可能的。(2)水螅扩散神经系统的功能（神经生理学、行为生理学）我们证明了水螅的简单神经系统具有与高等动物中枢神经系统相当的能力。我们检验了我们的假设：水螅的神经环是高级神经系统中枢神经系统的起源。我们发现了神经环的一个功能，它是同时协调触手运动，皱褶……(3)神经递质来源是否不是经典递质，而是神经肽？我们有许多实验证据表明多肽作为神经递质起作用。然而，我们没有证据表明单胺类或乙酰胆碱等经典神经递质在弥漫性神经系统中起神经递质作用。一氧化氮也不作为神经元之间的神经活性物质，而是位于肌肉细胞中。

(1) Nerve Ring of the Hypostome in Hydrals It an Origin of the Central Nervous System of Bilaterian Animals?A hypothesis, 'the nerve ring in hydra shares a common origin with the central nervous system in bilaterian animals', was examined. Considering all the information available, the hypothesis is highly possible.(2) Function of the difuuse nervous system of hydra (neurophysiology, behavioral physiology)We demonstrated that the simple nervous system of hydra had abilities comparable to central nervous system of the higher animals. We examined our hypothesis : nerve ring in hydra is the origin of the central nervous system of higher nervous system. We identified a function of the nerve ring, which was the coordination of the simulutanous tentacle movement, crumpling..(3) Is origin of the neurotransmitter is not classical transmitters, but neuroprptides?We have many experimental evidences which show peptides work as neurotransmitter. However, we could not get any evidences that classical neurotransmitter, such as monoamines or acetylcholine works as neurotransmitter in the diffuse nervous system. NO also dose not work as neuroactive substances between neurons, but locates in the muscle cells.,