Comparison of language ideologies in the Soviet Union and the current Russian Federation – Continuity, ruptures, and new orientations

2018年标志着俄罗斯联邦双语和多语制发展的转折点：经过激烈辩论，共和国国家语言和非俄罗斯民族语言在俄罗斯教育体系中被法律规定为可选语言。鉴于多语制管理方面的这一巨大变化，以及当前俄罗斯联邦的社会和科学话语中对苏联语言政策的大量引用，对俄罗斯联邦和苏联的语言意识形态进行系统的比较变得特别严格。语言政策的最新发展打破了以官方文件为基础的母语教育权-这项权利显然延续了苏联的大规模双语模式和语言平等的官方原则。语言政策的进一步破裂影响了苏联语言政策时期，苏联解体后国家语言意识形态的法律锚定以及今天俄罗斯联邦的单语国家建设。它借鉴了苏联的语言意识形态：在它们之上的是，例如，对“多样性中的统一”或“velikij i mogučij russkij jazyk”概念的重新解释或新解释。俄罗斯联邦的语言意识形态在多大程度上可以被诊断为与苏联的语言意识形态相比较的连续性、中断性或重新定位性，这是拟议项目中综合话语分析研究的目的。苏联和俄罗斯联邦之间比较的参数是从社会语言学文献和项目语料库中确定的语言政策和语言意识形态的关键主题，如多样性中的统一、语言平等、“velikij i mogučij russkij jazyk”、“russkij kak rodnoj”等。比较是基于对苏联和俄罗斯联邦的三角数据语料库（官方文件，语言专家文本和公共话语），其中包括广泛的演员。此外，建立了一个控制语料库的引导采访。分析方法包括对语言政策的多种推理方法。通过比较苏联和俄罗斯联邦，该项目旨在揭示语言意识形态的连续性，重新解释或重新语境化的基础上的纵向研究。从方法论的角度来看，该项目旨在进一步发展语言政策和意识形态的话语语言学方法，使其在东欧语言状况分析中取得成果。因此，东西方的社会语言学研究传统将（再次）更加紧密地结合在一起。总之，本研究将揭示与语言相关的国家建设话语的动态。

The year 2018 marked a turning point in the development of bi- and multilingualism in the Russian Federation: after a hot debate the republic state languages and non-Russian national languages were legally defined as optional in the Russian education system. In view of this drastic change in the management of multilingualism on the one hand and the intensive reference to the Soviet language policy in the societal and scientific discourse of the current Russian Federation on the other, a systematic comparison of the language ideologies of the Russian Federation with those of the Soviet Union becomes particularly stringent. The latest development in the language policy breaks with the right to mother tongue education based in official documents – a right whose continuity to the model of mass bilingualism and the official principle of equality of languages in the Soviet Union is evident. Further ruptures in the language policy affect the periods of Soviet language policy, the de jure anchoring of the ideology of state languages following the collapse of the Soviet Union and today's monolingual nation-building in the Russian Federation. It draws from Soviet language ideologies: above them are, e.g., reinterpretations or new interpretations of the concepts of “unity in diversity” or the “velikij i mogučij russkij jazyk”. To what extent the language ideologies of the Russian Federation can be diagnosed as continuity, break or reorientation in comparison with those of the Soviet Union is the aim of the comprehensive discourse-analytical studies in the proposed project.The parameters for the comparison between the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation are key topics of language policy and language ideologies identified from sociolinguistic literature and the project corpus, such as unity in diversity, equality of languages, "velikij i mogučij russkij jazyk", "russkij kak rodnoj", and others. The comparison is based on a triangulated data corpus on the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation (official documents, language expert texts, and public discourses), which encompasses a broad spectrum of actors. Additionally, a control corpus of guided interviews is built. The methods of analysis encompass diverse discursive approaches to language policy. By comparing the Soviet Union with the Russian Federation, the project aims to reveal the continuity, reinterpretation or recontextualization of language ideologies on the basis of a longitudinal study. From a methodical point of view, the project aims to further develop discourse-linguistic approaches to language policy and ideologies by making them fruitful for the analysis of language situations in Eastern Europe. Thus, sociolinguistic research traditions in the East and West will (again) be more strongly joined. All in all, this research will uncover the dynamics in language-related nation-building discourses.