Formation and Development of the Elite Society in Ningbo from the Perspective of Civil Service Examination System in China

本文将以“科举”为关键词，将目光投向宁波地区，试图揭示宋元明时期的精英社会结构。研究结论如下。北宋是科举制度建立和科举社会形成的时期。南宋是科举社会和地方精英社会走向成熟的时期。明州精英社会需要一种自身成长的历史叙事。虽然元朝废除了科举制度，但明州地区的精英社会得以延续，明州释大夫的作品被作为文化遗产出版。科举制度的复兴，使明代明州地区的科举社会充分成熟。冯家，尤其是冯芳，是宁波传统士大夫文化的代表。

Having "civil service examination" as our key word, we will draw our attention to the Ningbo area and attempt to reveal the structure of the elite society through the Song, Yuan and Ming periods. The conclusions are as follows. The Northern Song was the time of the establishment of civil service examination system and formation of civil service examination society. The Southern Song was the time of the mature of civil service examination society and regional elite society. The elite society of Mingzhou needed a narrative of own history with own growth. Although the Yuan government abolished the civil service examination, the Mingzhou regional elite society continued and the works of Shi-da-fu in Mingzhou were published as the cultural heritage. The revival of civil service examination system made full mature of the civil- service examination society at Mingzhou district during Ming period. The Feng family especially Fengfang was the representative example of the traditional Shi-da-fu culture in Ningbo.