Role of Localized Defects in 2D Materials: From Nanoscale Structure to Macroscale Properties

结构缺陷是二维材料的重要组成部分，对材料的性能起着决定性的作用。根据缺陷的类型、位置和浓度的不同，缺陷几乎影响着从纳米到宏观的2D材料的所有特性。目前，通过超高真空方法对缺陷的基本表征与通过非局域实验室技术确定结构-性质关系之间存在着很大的差距，特别是对于研究较少的2D材料。我们建议通过拥有最先进的专业知识和设施的三个团队的协同合作来弥合这一差距。我们在环境中控制缺陷的产生和我们本地光电表征技术的纳米级分辨率，以及独特的微尺度光谱电化学和大面积光谱技术和电导率测量相结合，将有助于前所未有地深入了解这种规模-桥梁结构-性能关系。

Structural defects are an integral part of two-dimensional (2D) materials and they play one of the most decisive roles in their properties. Depending on the type, position, and concentration, defects influence almost every characteristic of the 2D material spanning from nano- to macroscale. Presently, there is a substantial gap between the basic characterization of the defects by means of ultra-high vacuum methods and the determination of the structure-property relationship through non-localized laboratory techniques, particularly for less studied 2D materials. We propose to bridge this gap through the synergetic collaboration of three teams with state-of-the-art expertise and facilities. The combination of controlled creation of defects and the nanoscale resolution of our local optoelectronic characterization techniques in the ambient environment, with the unique localized microscale spectroelectrochemical and largearea spectroscopic techniques and conductivity measurements, will facilitate unprecedented insight into this scale-bridging structure-property relationship.