The Ethnological Studies of Modernization in the Central Andes : Formation of National Culture and Regional Identity in Peru

在安第斯国家，特别是秘鲁，地区差异似乎更加突出，削弱了以前的分层民族关系，这是值得通过民族学观察和分析来研究的。我们从1997年到1999年在阿亚库乔和库斯科两个地区断断续续地进行研究，以获得社会制度、宗教、民俗文化、艺术表现等各个社会文化方面的可控可比数据。导致秘鲁内部地区差异的因素繁多而复杂，但基本上受制于安第斯城乡互动的特点。在今天的秘鲁，现代化进程正在从城市向农村过渡，同时，自上世纪60年代以来，随着农村人口的迅速增加，安第斯洪水引起了人们的注意。这就是说，秘鲁高地的社会文化传统现在已经在城市生活中扮演着非常重要的角色，其中一些已经被接受为全国流行文化的一部分。很好的例子是起源于阿亚库乔地区的剪刀舞(Danza De Tijera)和彩绘(Rituales)，在我们的出版物《历史，宗教，y Rituales en los pueblayos pueblayas uchanos》中进行了讨论。

In the Andean countries, especially in Peru, the regional differentiation seems to become more prominent, weakening the former stratified ethnic relations, which is worth studying by the ethnological observations and analysis.Our research was carried out in two regions - Ayacucho and Cuzco -intermittently since 1997 to 1999 to obtain controlled comparable data in various socio-cultural aspects : social institutions, religion, folk culture, artistic expression, etc.The factors which cause the internal regional difference in Peru are numerous and complicated, but are basically conditioned by the characteristics of the Andean urban/rural interactions.In Peru of today the modernizing process goes on from urban area to rural one, while, at the same time, the andeanization, which is often called "desborde andino" (Andean flood), is very noticeable since 1960's with rapid and great increase of the immigration of rural population.That is, the socio-cultural traditions of Peruvian highlands have now become to play so important role in the urban life, some of which are accepted as a part of nation-wide popular culture.Good examples are "danza de tijeras" (dance of scissors) and "retablo" (painted alter), originated from Ayacucho region, which are discussed in our publication "Historia, religion, y rituales en los pueblos ayacuchanos", Senri Ethnological Report 9, 1999.