Sociological Study on the Changes of Rural Family and Rural Social Structure.

本研究的主要目的是对过去30年进行调查的6个农村地区进行跟踪调查。特别是对位于日本西部和东部地区的冈山县和秋田县的两个村庄进行了比较研究。在1953年和1963年，我们对这两个村庄的农民进行了社会态度调查。这次我们用同样的问卷对这些调查进行了后续研究。我们的目的是从农民态度的角度来理解农村社会的基本变迁。在第一次调查的1953年，世界大战后的社会混乱非常严重。在我们的研究中，日本的传统价值观和新引入的现代主义价值观在我们关注的家庭、农村社区和国家的各个方面都存在冲突。从1953年到1968年，农民的态度发生了极为剧烈的变化。在这些时期，日本社会经历了快速的经济增长。传统的重整体、重群体、轻个体的家庭、农村社区、国家观念转变为重日常生活利益的观念。从1968年到1985年，态度的变化相当缓慢。农民们担心农业的衰落。但是，我们可以重新确认重视日常生活利益的固定态度，同时我们可以看到对家庭和社区某些方面的传统态度的持久存在。日本社会在经历了长期的和平与经济稳定之后，传统的态度和个人主义的态度在农业居民中和谐而不冲突地融合在一起。当然，个人主义的态度越来越强烈，但这种变化在日本农村传统的基础上是缓慢的。

The main puepose of this study is to run follw-up surveys of the 6 rural fields where we made survey during past 30 years. Especially we concentrated our study on the comparative study of two villages of Okayama and Akita prefectures which situatd in the western and eastern districts of Japan. In 1953 and 1963, we made the surveys of farmeres' social attitudes in these two villages. This time we have made the follw-up study of these surveys with the same questinnaires. Our aims is to understand the rural basic social changes from the viewpoint of farmers' attitudes.In the era of 1953, when the first survey was made, there was serious social confusion after the world war. In our study, the Japanese traditional values and newly introduced modernistic values are confliction in all aspects of family, rural community and the state on which we focused our attention.From 1953 to 1968, the changes of farmers' attitudes are extremely drastic. Japanese society had experienxed rapid economic growth during these times. The traditional attitudes toward family, rural comunity and the state that had placed more emphasis on totality and groups than on individuality changed to the attitudes of attaching importance to the interests of daily lives.From 1968 to 1985, the changes of attitudes are rather slow. Farmers are worried about the decline of agriculture. But we can re-confirm the fixed attitudes to attach importance to the interests of daily lives, whreas we can see the lasting of traditional attitudes about some phases of family and community. After the long period of peace and economic stability of Japanese society, traditional attitudes and individualistic attitudes are integrated with harmony and without conflict in farming inhabitants. Certainly, individualistic attitudes are growing larger but this change is slow moving one on the base of Japanese rural tradition.