Organellar DNA variation in some economic plants and their wild relatives

本项目旨在分析经济植物及其野生近缘种细胞器DNA的变异，以阐明它们的系统发育关系以及前者的起源。（1）从禾本科7族10种禾本科植物中提取叶绿体DNA，并对其进行限制性内切酶分析。叶绿体基因组系统发育树的构建与分类学研究中建立的系统发育树基本一致，但有一点不同。(2)从几乎所有的两个相关属小麦（小麦）和山羊草，ct和mt（线粒体）DNA提取，并进行了研究。对它们的ctDNA进行了限制性内切酶分析、物理图谱的构建和Rubisco大亚基基因rbcL的全序列测定，并对它们的ctDNA进行了限制性内切酶分析和RFLP分析。 ...更多信息 用线粒体DNA制造的。通过这些结果，阐明了叶绿体和线粒体基因组之间的系统发育关系，并确定了几乎所有多倍体物种的母本。(3)从黑麦属（Secale）5种、大麦属（Hordeum）7种17亚种和燕麦属（Avena）19种植物中提取ctDNA，进行物理图谱构建和限制性内切酶分析。这些结果揭示了各属种间的亲缘关系和作物种的起源。小麦属（Triticum）、山羊草属（Aegilops）、黑麦属（Secale）、大麦属（Hordeum）和燕麦属（Avena）5个属的ctDNAs进化速率基本一致。(4)对4个A染色体组二倍体稻属植物66份材料的ctDNA进行了限制性内切酶分析。根据这些结果，阐明了2个栽培种和2个生态种（籼稻和粳稻）的细胞质起源。(5)对刚竹属13种22变种竹类的线粒体DNA进行了限制性内切酶分析和RFLP分析。在此基础上，构建了该物种的系统发育树。(6)以薯蓣属4种植物15个克隆和茄属20种植物44个克隆为材料，对它们的ctDNA进行了限制性内切酶分析。结果阐明了各属的种间关系和栽培种的起源。(7)对11种李属植物的ctDNAs进行了限制性内切酶分析，并阐明了它们的系统发育关系。发现Someiyoshino的母本是Edohigan。少

The present project has aimed to analyze organellar DNA variation in economic plants and their wild relatives, in order to clarify their phylogenetic relationships as well as the origin of the former. The materials used, the methods employed and the results obtained are as follows:(1) From 10 cereal species, representing 7 tribes in Gramineae, chloroplast (ct) DNAs were extracted and their restriction endonuclease analysis was performed. A phylogenetic tree constructed for their chlorplast genomes was the same as that previously established for those species by taxonomical studies, except one minor point.(2) From practically all the species of two related genera Triticum (wheat) and Aegilops, ct and mt (mitochondrial) DNAs were extracted, and studied. With their ctDNAs, restriction endonuclease analysis, construction of physical maps and complete sequencing of a gene rbcL for the Rubisco's large subunit were carried out, whereas restriction endonuclease analysis and RFLP analysis were … More made with mtDNAs. From those results, phylogenetic relationships among chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were clarified, and the maternal parents of almost all polyploid species were determined.(3) From 5 species of Secale (fye), 7 species and 17 subspecies of Hordeum (barley), and 19 species of Avena (oats), ctDNAs were extracted, and physical map construction and restriction endonuclease analysis were made. From these results, interspecific relationships in each genus, and the origin of crop species were revealed. The rates of evolutionary changes of ctDNAs in 5 genera, Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Hordeum and Avena, appeared to be almost the same.(4) Using 4 A-genome diploid species (66 accessions) of Oryza (rice), restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNA was carried out. From the results, the origin of cytoplasms of 2 cultivated species and 2 ecospecies, Indica and Japonica, was elucidated.(5) Using 13 species and 22 varieties of a bamboo genus Phy11ostachys, restriction endonuclease analysis and RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA were made. Based on the results, a phylogenetic tree of these species was constructed.(6) Using 4 species (15 clones) of a yam genus Dioscrea, and 20 species (44 clones) of Solanum, restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNA was carried out. From the results, interspecific relationships in each genus and the origin of cultivated species were clarified.(7) Restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNAs from 11 Prunus species was made, and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified. The female parent of Someiyoshino was found to be Edohigan. Less