Neurophysiological study of sexual dimorphism of the nervous system of crickets and its differentiation during postembryonic development

对蟋蟀(Gryllus Bimaculatus)腹部末梢神经节(TAG)及其靶器官和飞行肌肉的性二型性进行了研究，结果如下：1.TAG背侧非配对正中(DUM)神经元和腹侧非配对正中(VUM)神经元的形态特征和数量存在性别二型性，尤其是双侧VUM神经元穿过第二至第七神经根。成年男性TAG约130个DUM神经元向两侧延伸轴突，分布于副腺肌和射精管。用高效液相色谱和生物测定的方法研究表明，在有DUM神经元支配的正常AGs中存在原球蛋白，而在没有DUM神经元神经支配的肌肉发育的移植AGG中不存在。这些研究还表明，在AGs周围的培养液中可以检测到一定量的原球蛋白，而AGs的肌肉则与…相反对DUM神经元的电刺激或高浓度KCl3的反应更强。结果发现，精原细胞的某些分泌颗粒含有类5-羟色胺物质，5-羟色胺存在于精原细胞中。这些发现和5-羟色胺对精囊管作用的初步实验表明，在交配过程中，精氨酸分泌的5-羟色胺与精子一起通过精子载体传递给雌性，并诱导精囊管的节律性收缩，使精子迁移到精囊膜。在想象的蜕皮后，飞行肌肉的年龄相关变化(生长和退化)在两性中都是显著的，随着飞行肌肉开始按照性别依赖的模式退化，这种变化开始发生。例如，两性前翅升降肌(M90，雄性为发声肌)的重量在想象蜕皮后的成熟过程中逐渐增加，并逐渐达到最大值。此后，男性的肌肉重量几乎不变，而女性的肌肉重量迅速下降。较少

Sexual dimorphism of the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG), its target organs and flight muscles of the cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) was studied, and the results obtained as follows;1. Sexual dimorphism was found in the morphological characteristic and number of dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons of TAG as well as in those of ventral unpaired median (VUM)neurons, especially VUM neurons running bilaterally through the second on seventh nerve roots.2. About 130 DUM neurons of TAG of male adult extend their axons bilaterally and innervate the muscles of accessory glands (AGs) and edjaculatory duct.3. The studies using HPLC and bioassay showed that proctolin is present in the normal AGs with the innervation of DUM neurons, whereas it is not present in the transplanted AGs which developed the muscles without innervation of DUM neurons in the host. These studies also revealed that a certain amount of proctolin is detectable in the surrounding medium of AGs while the muscles of AGs contrac … More t in response to electrical stimulation of DUM neurons or high concentration of KCl.4. It was found that a certain type of secretory granules of AGs contain serotoninlike materials, and that serotonin is present in the spermatophore. These findings and the preliminary experiment of the action of serotonin on the spermathecal duct imply that serotonin secreted from AGs is transferred with spermatozoa to female via the spermatophore during copulation, and it induces the rhythmic contraction of the spermathecal duct for the migration of spermatozoa to the spermatheca.5. Age-related changes (growth and degeneration) in the flight muscles were remarkable in both sexes after the imaginal molt, and such changes began to occur as the flight muscles started to degenerate according to sex-dependent patterns. For example, in both sexes the weight of the elevator muscle(M90; stridulatory muscle in male) of the forewing wing increased during maturation after imaginal molt and it reached the maximum value gradually. After that, in male the weight of muscle was almost unchangeable, while in female it decreased quickly. Less