Sociology of the feeding strategy of Japanese monkeys

为了重新研究日本猴子的社会行为与摄食策略的关系，在金华山、高崎山、小岛和两前山进行了研究。1.金刚山猴群在冬季食物短缺的情况下，增加了一天中可访问的食物块数量，并延长了觅食时间。优势度不同，这些活性差异不显著.自1975年以来，高崎山部队的人口参数显着下降，人工食品供应已大大减少。这一事实表明，食物摄入量直接影响猴子的繁殖成功。不同优势等级的雌虫对人工饲料的摄食量存在差异，优势等级高的雌虫比优势等级低的雌虫繁殖成功率高。但初步研究结果表明，林分食物摄入量不存在等级差异的差异.人工食物供应 ...更多信息 只有为了便于观察，才最低限度地减少了对科岛部队的支援。雌性之间的优势等级的纵向变化进行了检查，其生殖成功，这是低等级的女性之间的最高母系。分析了其繁殖成功率低的原因。即在攻击性互作中经常受到攻击，或表现出最不稳定的优势等级，优势等级下降幅度大，下降后死亡率高。等级的差异强烈影响着它们的社会态度和取食策略.在将母体分为两个群体（一个由较高等级的亲属组成，另一个由较低等级的亲属组成）后，Ryozenyama群体的繁殖成功率为较低等级的雌性增加。群体分化后，低等种群的劣势摄食条件必然转变为与高等种群相同的状况，研究表明，在人工条件下，由优势等级差异决定的繁殖成功率差异明显增大，而在自然条件下，由优势等级差异决定的繁殖成功率差异明显减小。少

In order to re-examine social behavior of Japanese monkeys in relation to the feeding strategy, studies were conducted at Kinkasan, Takasakiyama, Koshima, and Ryozenyama.1. The monkeys of the Kinkasan troop increased number of food patches to visit in a day, and expanded the duration of feeding time against the food shortage in winter. However, difference was not found for these activities depending on the difference of dominance rank.2. Population parameters of Takasakiyama troops remarkably decreased since 1975 when artificial food supply have been much reduced. This fact shows that food intake directly affects reproductive succes of monkeys. The amount of intake of artificial food showed difference for difference of dominance rank among matri-lines, and females of higher rank showed high reproductive success than those of lower rank. However, the preliminary results showed no difference of the amount of food intake in the forest depending on rank difference.3. Artificial food supply … More for the Koshima troop is reduced minimally, only for the facilitation of observation. The longitudinal change of dominance rank among females was examined in relation to their reproductive success, which was low for lower ranking females among the highest matri-line. The reason for their low reproductive success was analyzed. That is, they were frequently attacked in aggressive interactins, or they showed most unstable dominance rank; they showed drastic drop of dominance rank and high mortality rate after drop of rank. The difference of rank strongly affected their social attitude and their feeding strategy.4. The reproductive success of Ryozenyama troop increased for lower ranking females after division of the mother troop into two, one consisting of higher ranking kins and the other lower ranking. The inferior feeding condition of lower kins must have changed to the same condition with that of the higher kins after the troop division.The present studies indicate that the difference of reproductive success depending on difference of dominance rank is much enhance in the artificial condition, and that it is much reduced in the natural condition. Less