Biomechanics of Cells, Tissues, and Organs of Living Organisms

本文从生物力学的观点出发，研究了活细胞、组织和器官的结构和功能，并将其结果应用于发展维持和加强其功能的方法以及从功能障碍中恢复的方法。通过对呼吸循环力学、人工器官力学、硬组织力学、软组织力学、生物动力学等方面的研究，改进了连续介质力学，使之适用于分析非均匀、各向异性和非线性的生命系统，发展了人工器官生物相容性研究的力学方法，评述了生物现象观测的先进新技术，建立了研究生物体内气-液-物复合体的基本方法.开展了活细胞的力学分析，综述了细胞力学研究的发展趋势，并对其未来的意义进行了评价.为了进行科学交流，本项目的大多数研究人员参加了1989年在旧金山弗朗西斯科举行的ASME/JSME组织工程研讨会，1990年在拉霍亚举行的第一届世界生物力学大会和1991年在大坂大学举行的第二届JSME生物力学会议。在这个项目的基础上，向教育、科学和文化部提出了一个题为“活细胞、组织和器官的结构和功能的生物力学”的新项目，作为1992年开始的优先领域科学研究的补助金。

Structure and function of living cells, tissues, and organs have been studied from the standpoint of biomechanics, and the results have been applied to the development of the methods for the maintenance and strengthening of their function as well as for the recovery from malfunction.The results obtained are :1. Through the studies on the respiratory and circulatory mechanics, artificial organs mechanics, hard and soft tissue mechanics, and bio-dynamics, continuum mechanics was modified for the analyses of nonuniform, anisotropic, and nonlinear living systems, mechanical approach was developed for the biocompatibitity study of artificial organs, advanced novel techniques were reviewed for the observation and measurement of bio-phenomena, and basic methods were established for the study of gas-liquid-substance complexes found in living organisms.2. Mechanical analyses of living cells have been started, and the current trends in cellular mechanics were reviewed and its future significance was evaluated.3. For the scientific communication, most of the investigators for this project attended the ASME/JSME Tissue Engineering Symposium held in San Francisco in 1989, 1st World Congress on Biomechanics held in La Jolla in 1990, and 2nd JSME Conference on Biomechanics held at Osaka University in 1991.4. Based on this project, a new project entitled "Biomechanics of structure and function of living cells, tissues and organs" has been proposed to the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture as a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area which starts in 1992.