An Experimental Study on "Skilanglauf"

本研究的目的是获得有关越野滑雪运动处方的基本信息，这是有效地提高生活在雪域的人们的健康和健身。以20名健康的初学者和中级滑雪者为被试，研究了（1）步幅特征与生理反应的关系，（2）训练引起的这些参数的变化，（3）初学者步幅技术的生物力学特征。主要研究结果如下：1.本研究从摄氧量的角度证实了步幅长、步频低的步幅技术比步幅短、步频高的步幅技术更有利的假设。在相同的速度下，这适用于初级和中级越野滑雪者以及赛车手。虽然摄氧量与速度成比例增加，但存在与步幅技术和雪况有关的较大变量。初学者斜跨技术的肌电图表现为：（1）肌电时相性放电;腓肠肌踢腿期紧张性放电;滑动期胫前肌;（3）M.撑地运动中肱三头肌的运动。根据VTR的运动分析结果，初学者步幅较短的特点是：（1）踢腿结束时的腿角较小，（2）滑行时支撑腿的膝关节屈曲不足，（3）上肢的支撑运动较小。

The purpose of this study was to obtain fundamental information about the prescription of cross-country skiing as an exercise which is effective in improving the health and fitness of people living in snowy regions. A total of 20 healthy beginning and intermediate skiers were selected as subjects in experiments to examine: (1) the relationship between stride characteristics and the physiological responses, (2) the changes in these parameters caused by training, and (3) biomechanical characteristics of stride techniques of beginners. The results were summarized as follows:1. From the aspect of oxygen uptake, this study confirmed the hypothesis that a stride technique engendering longer stride length and lower stride rate is more advantageous than a stride technique with a shorter stride length and higher stride rate. At the same rate of speed this applies to beginning and intermediate cross-country skiers as well as racers.2. Although oxygen uptake increases proportionately to speed, there exists a somewhat larger variable related to stride technique and snow conditions.3. The EMG findings on diagonal stride techniques for beginners were: (1 ) phasic discharge of m. gastrocnemius in the kick phase, (2) tonic discharge of m. tibialis anterior in the gliding phase, and (3) phasic discharge in m. triceps brachii in the poling motion.4. According to the results of motion analysis by VTR, a shorter stride length for beginners was characterized by the following: (1) a smaller leg angle at the end of a kick, (2) insufficient knee flexion of the supporting leg during the glide, and (3) a smaller poling motion in the upper limbs.