Theoretical and Empirical Studies on Japanese Employment Systems

This研究研究theoretically and empirically the causes of internalization of labor inputand the determination of wage profiles (wage differentials by age) in internal labor markets.Almost all existing models on internalization are the concept of specific human capital，but this research has emphasized the benefit of cooperation among workers and that ofgenerational transfers which are realized when internalization develops enough. In the theoryon the determination of wage profiles，particular emphasis has been placed on an explanation of variation of profiles. The存在模型on wage profiles hardly explain the variation，but this research pointed out such factors for variation as absorption by risk-neutral firms ofrisks facing workers in consumption and sharing of those risks among workers of differentgenerations,作为some structural and institutional factors. I have undertaken large-scale empiricalstudies on the variation of wage profiles and obtained results that support the above theory. I havealso undertaken empirical studies that compare the validity of my theory with that of well-knowncompeting theories,这不是必需的theories on wage profiles. By considering the effects of ratios of有效labor demand to effective supply on wage profiles at several different dates，我应该知道，那些竞争理论没有那么有力，那些业务分析based on time-series dataI have undertaken cross - sectional analyses based on prefectural data as well and obtained resultsfavorable to my theory. Finally，自教育背景是其中一个最重要的影响因素为wage differentialsby using cross - sectional data I have analyzed the determinants of higher education enrollment withspecial attention to sociio -economic factors。

This research has studied theoretically and empirically the causes of internalization of labor input and the determination of wage profiles (wage differentials by age) in internal labor markets. Almost all existing models on internalization are based on the concept of specific human capital, but this research has emphasized the benefit of cooperation among workers and that of intergenerational transfers which are realized when internalization develops enough. In the theory on the determination of wage profiles, particular emphasis has been placed on an explanation of variation of profiles. The existing models on wage profiles hardly explain the variation, but this research pointed out such factors for variation as absorption by risk-neutral firms of risks facing workers in consumption and sharing of those risks among workers of different generations, as well as some structural and institutional factors. I have undertaken large-scale empirical studies on the variation of wage profiles and obtained results that support the above theory. I have also undertaken empirical studies that compare the validity of my theory with that of well-known competing theories, which are not necessarily theories on wage profiles. By considering the effects of ratios of effective labor demand to effective supply on wage profiles at several different dates, I have shown that those competing theories are not so powerful. Though these empirical analyses are based on time-series data, I have undertaken crossーsectional analyses based on prefectural data as well and obtained results favorable to my theory. Finally, since educational background is one of the most important factors for wage differentials, by using crossーsectional data I have analyzed the determinants of higher education enrollment with special attention to socio-economic factors.