A Study of the Relationship Among Trust, Culture, and Efficiency in Economic Transactions

这个项目已经产生了关于经济理论、博弈实验和问卷调查的结果。此外，研究人员还在日本和国外进行了观点交流、研究合作和研讨会演讲。理论研究认为，新古典生产函数假设忽略了信任的重要性，即使在市场中，由于契约的不完全性，信任对于效率也是不可或缺的。利用信任的密度和结构等概念，讨论了如何在组织、市场和社会中促进信任。此外，研究表明，内涵不能与能力、外部压力或自身利益区分开来，在信任研究中这样做是徒劳的。建议将效率标准应用于信任研究，而不是像心理学那样简单地争论信任是否存在。自我利益和文化对游戏实验结果的影响是Ana…更多的是以学生为主体进行抒情。研究表明，说服可以带来更多的合作，平等是一种有影响力的价值观，其他人的监督可以增强信任和效率。通过说服、惩罚和监督等文化活动，增加了文化对效率的有利影响。与瑞典研究人员合作，对学生进行了关于信任的问卷调查。研究发现，日本和瑞典在信任的各个维度上的相对信任度存在异同，家庭信任不会减少各种信任，教育和文化是决定信任的非常重要的因素。那些严重依赖信号做出信任决定的人不太合作(值得信任)。一家研究公司对普通工人进行了问卷调查，以调查绩效工资制度的引入如何改变了信任和员工激励。研究发现，这一制度在员工激励和效率等方面存在着几个重要的制度缺陷。较少

This project has generated results regarding economic theory, game experiments, and questionnaires. In addition, the investigator undertook view exchanges, research collaborations, and seminar talks both in Japan and abroad.Theoretical studies were conducted to argue that neoclassical assumptions about production functions play the role of ignoring the importance of trust and that trust is indispensable for efficiency even in markets because of contract incompleteness. How to promote trust in organizations, markets, and society was discussed using concepts such as the density and structure of trust. Furthermore, it was shown that intensions cannot be distinguished from competence, external pressure, or self-interest, and it would be fruitless to do so in trust studies. The efficiency criterion was recommended to be applied to trust studies instead of simply arguing whether trust exists as in psychology.The effects of self-interest and culture on the results of game experiments were ana … More lyzed using students as subjects. It was demonstrated that persuasion generates much cooperation, equality is an influential value, and other people's monitoring enhances trust and efficiency. Favorable effects of culture on efficiency are increased by such cultural activities as persuasion, punishment, and monitoring.Questionnaires to students about trust were undertaken in cooperation with Swedish researchers. It was found that there are similarities and differences between Japan and Sweden in the relative magnitude of trust in various dimensions of trust, family trust does not reduce various kinds of trust, and education and culture are very important determinants of trust. Those who rely heavily on signals for trust decisions are less cooperative (trustworthy).Questionnaires to general workers were undertaken using a research company to investigate how introduction of the pay-for-performance system has changed trust and worker incentives. It was found that this system has several important institutional shortcomings in such points as worker incentives and efficiency. Less