Qualitative and Quantitative Improvement of Seed Storage Proteins in Rice

以下是1988 - 1990年在“水稻种子贮藏蛋白的定性和定量改良”项目下获得的结果。(1)利用SDS-PAGE方法对900株经MNU处理的受精卵细胞突变株进行种子贮藏蛋白分析。筛选出34株种子贮藏蛋白突变株。其中，除先前报道的57-H突变体和蛋白突变体外，还获得了一些新型的谷蛋白酸性亚基和球蛋白突变体。(2)采用15 ~ 25%线性丙烯酰胺浓度的SDS-PAGE和等电聚焦电泳（IEF）对九州大学保藏的1400个国内外水稻品种的种子贮藏蛋白进行了分析。这些品种的种子贮藏蛋白存在很大差异。这些突变体和品种将成为改良水稻种子贮藏蛋白的重要遗传资源。(3)为获取水稻种子贮藏蛋白的不同遗传资源，开发了一些新技术。IEF在筛选储存蛋白结构基因相关突变体和评价其遗传行为方面是非常有效的。酶联免疫吸附法对突变体种子蛋白质含量的选择也很有效。(4)鉴定了4种水稻贮藏蛋白突变体，为水稻贮藏蛋白的质量改良育种提供了有益的遗传材料。将携带不同种子贮藏蛋白基因的突变系和品种与先导品种杂交，培育出改良种子贮藏蛋白的新品种。

Following results were obtained during 1988 to 1990 under the project, 'Qualitative and quantitative improvement of the seed storage proteins in rice'.(1) About 900 mutant strains induced by the MNU treatment of fertilized egg cells were analyzed for the seed storage proteins by the SDS-PAGE method. 34 mutant strains for the seed storage proteins were selected. Among them, some mutants of new types for glutelin acidic subunits and globulin were obtained together with 57-H mutants and prolamin mutants which were reported previously.(2) About 1,400 rice varieties, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries and preserved in Kyushu University, were analyzed for the seed storage proteins by SDS-PAGE with 15 to 25 % linear acrylamide concentration and isoelectric focasing electrophoresis (IEF). Wide variations in the seed storage proteins were found among these varieties.These mutants and varieties will be promising genetic resources for the improvement of seed storage proteins in rice.(3) Some new techniques were developed to obtain different genetic resources for the seed storage proteins in rice. IEF was very effective to screen mutants related to the structural gene for storage proteins and to evaluate the genetic behavior of them. ELISA was also effective to select the mutants for the protein content of seed.(4) Four types of mutants for rice storage proteins were evaluated to be useful genetic materials for breeding of qualitatively improved rice storage proteins. Mutant lines and varieties carring the different genes for seed storage proteins were crossed with leading varieties to breed new varieties improved the seed storage proteins.