U. S. -Japan Joint Research on Productivity of Graduate Education

本研究是由五个国家的高级学生的研究组织和教育组成的国际比较研究的一部分组成的。S.，大不列颠、法国、德国和日本在加州大学洛杉矶分校伯顿·克拉克教授的领导地位下。这个研究在两个阶段被执行，被命名为宏观-研究和微观--研究。以前的重点是（1）研究生教育的历史大纲， （2）研究生教育的现行组织， （3）学术学位制度， （4）高级学生的选择和培训， （5）研究生市场的实验室， （6）研究生学校的培训系统。在第二阶段，五个国家选择了三门学科，人类的历史，社会科学的经济学，以及自然科学的物理学，如跨越国家的一般调查领域。在它们周围，美国添加的生物学，以及日本工程作为专门调查，每个国家的研究小组都携带了非洲 ... More t是一系列的文学调查、听力和实地调查，以收集相关信息。五份用于宏观研究的论文和五份用于微观研究的论文，总共十份论文提交了在加州大学洛杉矶分校每个夏天都有收到的会议，研究发现的大纲都在后面， （1）在每个国家都有中央政府财政困难的研究基金被削减，而且在某些情况下，科学研究中心正在从大学转移到工业实验室。（2）对高级学生的财务支持系统的相同原因变得更糟，每个国家现在都面临着难以吸引学生的部分， （3）培训系统除了U。S. S.一般不结构化的原因是，学生在毕业生项目中的停留率和高辍学率，以及低完成率， （4）在一些成员国，如何，政府正在试图建立一个新的卓越中心，关于哪些特殊基金将扩大投资更多的系统化培训和更多的结构化课程到毕业生培训，并刺激其他地方大学的培训创新。Less（低）

This study was carried out as a part of the international comparative study on the research organization and education of advanced students in five countries, the U. S., the Great Britain, France, Germany and Japan under the leadership of Professor Burton Clark, UCLA. The study has been executed in two phases, namely the Macroーstudy and Microーstudy. The former focused on (1) the historical outline of the graduate education, (2) the present organization of the graduate education, (3) the academic degree system, (4) the selection and recruitment of advanced students, (5) the labor market for graduates, (6) the training system at the graduate school. At the second phase, five countries selected three disciplines, history from humanities, economics from social sciences, and physics from natural sciences as commonly investigated fields across countries. Beside them, the United States added biology, and Japan engineering as specially investigated.Research groups of every countries carried ou … More t a series of literature investigation, hearing and field surveys to collect relevant information. Five papers for Macroーstudy, and five papers for Microーstudy, in total ten papers submitted to conferences which were held in UCLA every summer.Outlines of research findings are as follow, (1) in every country due to the financial difficulty of the central government the research fund has been cut down, consequently particularly in science the center of research is moving out from universities to industrial laboratories, (2) due to the same reason the financial support system for advanced students is getting worse, every country is now facing with difficulty to attract abler part of students to the graduate training, (3) the training system except the U. S. is generally unstructured which causes the unduly extended staying of students in graduate programs and high rate of dropーout, and low completion rate of programs, (4) in some member countries, however, the government is attempting to set up new center of excellence, on which special fund is invested extensively to introduce more systematized training and more structured curriculum to the graduate training, and to stimulate the training innovation of universities elsewhere. Less