The Change of Representative Democracy and the Comparative Constitutional Study of Government Subsidy to the pditical parties

由于1992年是这项研究的最后一年，我们利用前两年的结果进行了全面的研究。也就是说，在第一年，我们在以前的宪法研究中研究了代议制民主和政党制度的理论史的方案。第二年，我们集中研究了各国的普遍性和特殊性，并考虑了日本的现状。在此基础上，对日本政治、文化背景下政府补贴政党的合理性进行了研究，具体研究了美国、英国、法国、德国、瑞士、意大利、新西兰等国家的政府补贴现状以及支持或批评政府补贴的理论。因此，我们得出了代议制民主因大众社会的推进或竞选活动的变化而变得脆弱，代议制民主的历史不同等共同的事实，并以这些结果为依据，批判性地研究了日本“政治改革”对选举制度改革和引入政府补贴的考验。这样，我们就能把“政治改革”理解为先进资本主义国家的政治改革之一，认识到国家主权和民主如何在日本非常具体的政治环境中得以实现。

As 1992 was the last year of this research, we performed a comprehensive study using the results of the first two years. That is, in the first year, we studied the scheme of the theoretical history of representative democracy and political party system in the former study of constitutional law. And next year, we studied out both universality and specificity after the concentrated study of each country, and considered the present conditions of Japan as well. Basing on them, we led out certain conclusions about the propriety of government subsidies to the political parties under the political, cultural circumstances of Japan.Concretely, we studied both the present conditions of government subsidies and the theories that sustain or criticize them in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and New Zealand. As a result, we came to common facts such as the weakness of representative democracy because of the advance of mass-society, or the changes of the election campaign, and the differences of the history of representative democracy against them.Using those results, we critically studied the trials of the reform of electoral system and the introduction of government subsidy by the "political reform" in Japan. In this way, we were able to understand the "political reform" as one of the political reforms of the advanced capitalist countries, and were able to recognize how the sovereignty of the nation and the democracy could be carried out in the very specific political circumstances of Japan.