Computable Regional Dynamic Models with Endogenous Technical Change

传统的投入产出模型假定投入产出比是固定的，这意味着生产函数中投入之间的替代弹性为零。森岛介绍了可变的投入产出模型，其中的投入比例是由生产者的优化行为。虽然他为处理投入产出系数随时间的变化铺平了道路，但改变系数的主要力量是商品价格和工资率的相对变化。假定存在事前技术，其中事后技术是根据商品的相对价格选择的。技术进步可能会改变技术本身，因此没有设想的余地。本研究的目的是提出一个可计算的动态投入产出模型，以考察知识积累与经济发展之间的相互作用与内生技术变革。该模型明确地将新的部门称为“知识部门”引入传统的动态投入产出经济系统。人们认为知识的增长是技术变革的主要来源。为了增加知识，我们需要投入和投资，就像我们需要生产物质资本一样。本研究报告的组织如下。本研究首先描述了知识和知识生产的基本概念。并运用调整成本法描述了企业在知识和实物投资方面的长期决策。我们的研究包含了对企业微观行为的实证描述，以及对产出与投资、知识和要素投入之间多部门相互作用的投入产出描述。我们还尝试将投入产出描述整合到一个具有内生技术变化的动态投入产出模型中，并讨论了模型的可计算性。

The conventional input-output models developed by Leontief assume the fixed input-output ratios which imply zero elasticity of substitution between inputs in the production function. Morishima introduced variable input-output models in which the input ratios are determined by the optimizing behavior of producers. Though he paved a way to deal with the changes of input-output coefficients over time, the major forces to change coefficients are the relative changes in prices of goods and in wage rates. The existence of ex ante technologies is presumed, among which ex post technology is chosen given the set of relative prices of goods. There are no rooms to envisage technological progress, which may alter ex ante technology itself. The aim of this study is to proposes a computable dynamic input-output model to examine interactions between knowledge accumulation and economic development with endogenous technical changes. The model explicitly introduces new sectors called "knowledge sectors" into the traditional dynamic input-output economic system. It is assumed that the growth of knowledge is the main source of technical change. In order to increase knowledge we need inputs and investments just as we do to produce material capital. This study is organized as follows. This study commences with the description of the basic ideas of knowledge and knowledge production. It also describes firms' long-term decisions on knowledge and physical investment by applying adjustment-cost approach. Our study contains the empirical specification of the firms' micro-behavior and an input-output description of multi sectorial interactions between outputs and investment, knowledge, and factor inputs. We also try to integrate the input-output description to a dynamic input-output model with endogenous technical changes and discusses the computability of the model.