Diversity in the ecosystems of Lake Tanganyika and Lake Biwa

1994年9月底至1995年1月底，位于坦噶尼喀湖最南端的赞比亚姆普隆古渔业部的三名日本研究人员和一名扎伊尔研究人员在日本和扎伊尔之间对坦噶尼喀湖进行合作研究。由于在扎伊尔和布隆迪水域进行的研究不可能用于部落间的战斗，因此与姆普隆古的赞比亚渔业研究官员合作，在赞比亚水域进行了研究，研究的目的是阐明维持坦噶尼喀湖迷人的生物多样性的机制。研究了Mpulungu附近沿海岩石区食藻丽鱼的社会结构、摄食行为和地理形态变异。研究了岩纹虾科对虾在岩石沿岸的分布情况，并对岩纹虾属物种的领地进行了保护。他们的领土被紧凑地占领 ...更多信息 几乎所有的浅岩石沿岸的地区。多齿岩丽鱼的雄鱼占据与同种雌性或较小的同类鱼类相邻的领地，但从不与同种雄鱼并排占据领地。当多齿拟步行鱼的雄性被实验性地移走时，其领地被最近的同种雄性通过扩张或同种雄性的新移民所占据，但从未被邻居或其他同属物种的新移民所占据。这一结果表明，多齿巨口鲀的种内雄性-雄性攻击是维持领地分离的主要原因，而种间小生境的分离似乎有利于其他同类的共存，其他属的食藻慈鲷也能进入多齿巨口鲀的领地，并以附着在石头上的藻类为食。推测它们可能是岩丽鱼利用了岩丽鱼不利用的不同藻类资源而允许的。在此假设下，对Telmatochromis和Simochromis属鱼类的摄食行为进行了水下观察。还收集了这些属的鱼类。对虾是底食性慈鲷鱼的重要食物生物。采用拉网、设置诱捕器和浸网的方法，研究了沿岸的岩石区无尾对虾的分布。正在对收集的标本进行分析。少

Between the end of September, 1994 and the end of January, 1995, three Japanese researchers and one Zairean researcher, Department of Fisheries, Mpulungu, Zambia, which locates the southernmost end of Lake Tanganyika, to conduct cooperative research of Lake Tanganyika between Japan and Zaire. Since implementation of the research in the Zairean and Burundian water was not possible for inter-tribe battles, the research was done in Zambian water, with cooperation with Zambian fisheries research officers at Mpulungu.The purpose of the research is to elucidate the mechanisms to maintain the fascinating biodiversity of Lake Tanganyika. Social structure, feeding behavior and geographical morph variation of algal feeding herbivorous cichlid fishes were studied in rocky littorals near Mpulungu. Distribution of Atyidae prawns was also studied in the rocky littoral area.Territoris of the genus Petrochromis species were maintained against congeneric fish. Their territories were occupied compactly … More almost all area of shallow rocky littoral. Males of Petrochromis polyodon occupy their territory neighboring with conspecific females or smaller congeneric fish, but never occupied territory with conspecific males side by side. When a male of P.polyodon was removed experimentally, its territory was taken over by the nearest conspecific male by expansion or a new immigrant of conspecific male, but never occupied by the neighbor nor a new immigrant of other congeneric species. This result suggests that intraspecific male-male aggression of P.polyodon is responsible for the maintenance of territory separation, and furthermore interspecific small habitat separation seems to facilitate coexistence of other congeneric species.Algal feeder cichlids of other genera can come in and feed on attached algae on stone in the territories of Petrochromis fish. It is hypothesised that they are permitted by Petrochromis fish by using different resource of algae which Petrochromis fish do not use. In this hypothesis underwater observations of the feeding behavior of the genera Telmatochromis and Simochromis fish were made. Fish collection of these genera were also made. Analyzes of feeding habit and mouth morphology are underway.Atyid prawns are important food organisms for benthivorous cichlid fish. Distribution of atyid prawn in the littoral rocky area was studied by pulling a net, setting traps and scooping a dipnet underwater. Analysis of the collecting specimens is underway. Less