Synthetic studies on evaluation of chronic toxicities from pesticides

农药的慢性毒性和健康障碍的评估研究取得了重要的发现。研究结果总结如下：(1)农药暴露水平的评价：建立了一种通过测量喷洒过程中个体身体表面附着的农药量来估计农药暴露水平的方法。对该方法的实用性进行了评估(吉田)。(2)动物实验慢性毒性评价：综述了有关农药慢性毒性评价动物实验价值的文献，特别是对其毒性评价试验方法的技术层面进行了讨论(TOBE)。(3)农药吸入毒性评价：对乙酰甲胺磷吸入性进行动物毒性试验，评价乙酰甲胺磷慢性毒性的有效指标(ANDO)。(4)器官…慢性毒性的实验评价更多的磷酸盐：代替母鸡，建立了评价有机磷延缓神经毒性的日本鹌鹑模型。研究表明，皮下给药比口服给药有更强的迟发性神经毒性(Kinebuhi)。(5)皮损评价：对农药慢性皮损的临床病例进行分析。此外，还对农业工人和非接触者进行了农药斑贴试验，以明确皮肤对农药(松下)致敏的背景因素。(6)农药慢性毒性的临床评价：收集诊断为农药慢性中毒或慢性疾病的临床病例，对所用农药的项目、症状、临床检查结果等进行分析。在此基础上，提出了农业劳动者(松岛县)健康调查的临床问卷和检查项目草案。(7)农药慢性毒性的皮肤学评价：通过查阅有关农药危害健康的表皮学研究的文献

Significant findings were obtained by Studies on evaluation of chronic toxicities and the health disturbance from pesticides. The results were summarized as follows :(1)Evaluation for exposure levels to pesticides : A method was developed to estimate the exposure levels to pesticides by measuring the amount of pesticides adhered to the surfaces on the bodies in individuals during spraying. The utility of the method was evaluated(Yoshida). (2)Evaluation for chronic toxicities in animal experiments : References related to the values of animal experiments for the evaluation of chronic toxicities of pesticides were reviewed and especially, its technological aspects of the test methods in evaluation of toxicity were discussed (Tobe). (3)Evaluation for inhalation toxicities of pesticides : The toxicities of Inhaled acephate were investigated in animals, and an available index for the chronic toxicity of acephate was evaluated (Ando). (4)Experimental evaluation for chronic toxicities of organ … More ophosphates : A Japanese quails model to evaluate delaved neurotoxicity of organophosphates was established instead of hens. It was clarified that much stronger delayd neurotoxicity was developed by subcutaneous administration of the chemical than oral route (Kinebuchi). (5)Evaluation for skin lesions : Clinical cases of chronic skin lesions from pesticides were analyzed. Furthermore, patch tests with pesticides were carried out among agricultural workers and non-exposed persons to clarify the background factors of skin sensitization to pesticides (Matsushita). (6)Clinical evaluation for chronic toxicities of pesticides : Clinical cases diagnosed as chronic poisoning or chronic disorders from pesticides were collected and analyzed in the items of pesticides used, symptoms, findings from clinical examination, and so forth. On the basis of the research, a draft of the items for clinical questionnaire ad examinations was proposed for the health survey of agricultural workers (Matsushima). (7)Epidermiological evaluation for chronic toxicities of pesticides : By reviewing references related to the epidermiological study on health disturbance from pesti Less